Aerobic Exercises act as Brain Boosters

Numerous papers, magazines and online articles have in the past announced examination discoveries done by others. For those individuals who may not be studies, the data found from these media roads might be finished wellsprings of data, however for those that are keen on confirming any given data, at that point examining the first examination will be indispensable. This is on the grounds that the examination reports in media may not give better subtleties of procedure or other preventative articulations that have been made by the researchers.This expression paper makes a basic investigation of Peter Jaret’s article on the CNN’s site entitled â€Å"Brain sponsors: Exercising your psyche as you age. † Research: Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans The examination entitled â€Å"Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans† was led to look at the connection between vigorous wellness and mind tissues in an old grown-up populac e (Colcombe ET al, 2003). The examination was significant in that the mind begins losing tissues as one gets more seasoned which thusly makes the subjective execution to decline.This can empower measures that can lessen costs identified with geriatric consideration set up. This might be finished by thinking of instruments that can be utilized to turn around or lessen this mind crumbling. The exploration was additionally never really affirm or discredit the past investigates that proposed that high-impact wellness preparing improves the intellectual capacity of elderly folks individuals and that it can improve the cerebrum wellbeing of maturing creatures tried in the research facility (Colcombe ET al, 2003).The focused on populace was comprised of more seasoned grown-ups in the network who were more than fifty five years, were correct given, advanced, and had been enrolled for open fliers, grounds wide e-mailings and paper commercials (Colcombe ET al, 2003). The individuals who were avoided were those that were underneath the expressed age, got under twenty in Mini-Mental State Examination and had a background marked by natural mind brokenness and stroke. Likewise the members were rejected if the detailed claustrophobia or had pacemakers or metallic embeds, this was accomplished for wellbeing reasons relating to attractive reverberation imaging setting.The respondents were additionally to get composed endorsement letters from their primary care physicians with the goal that they can experience the cardiovascular pressure test. The examination was affirmed by the University of Illinois’ Institutional Review Board notwithstanding the scientists fulfilling moral guidelines that were applicable (Colcombe ET al, 2003). The initial segment of the examination approach was to gauge the dim and white issues of the cerebrum from the Magnetic Resolution (high thickness) pictures and afterward the appraisals of the maximal oxygen take-up (V O2max).The mind pictures were taken utilizing three dimensional ruined inclination successions on a General Electric scanner. The Rockport 1-mile walk convention was utilized to evaluate the participant’s cardiovascular wellness. The effect of cardiovascular wellness on cerebrum tissue contrasts in thickness that are age related was gotten to utilizing a voxel-based morphometric method. The strategy is helpful in that it gives a methods for assessing tissue decay in the whole mind with spatial goals that is high which at that point permits finishes of the factors on cerebrum matter change (Colcombe ET al, 2003).Before examination was done the pictures were taken through various preprocessing stages. First the tissues that are non cerebrum were expelled from the picture of the leader of the members. The other three pictures were isolated into three maps to speak to the thickness of the white issue, the dark issue and the cerebrospinal liquid. All the pictures were then inspected by specialists who did n't have earlier data of the participants’ wellness with the goal that they could be objective in their alignment (Colcombe ET al, 2003).Though sixty people had communicated their enthusiasm to take an interest in the investigation, fifty five were qualified to finish the two faces because of the way that three were more youthful; one individual had an embedded pacemaker, eight had claustrophobia and one scored less MMSE score. The members were matured between fifty five and seventy nine years implying that the age mean score was 66. 5 years. By and large the example was 44. 4 percent men; many being accomplished (normal 16. 1 years in training). The outcomes indicated that the white issues of the cerebrums were being lost as one proceeded aging.Also, those districts that are for the most part influenced by maturing are the ones that demonstrated the best favorable circumstances of oxygen consuming wellness. Wellness as indicated by the outcomes assumes the job of directing d ecrease in tissue thickness that is identified with age. The outcomes indicated that tissue densities in the parietal, frontal and fleeting cortices of the mind lessen as the maturing procedure advances. Additionally it was discovered that the misfortunes were decreased by the cardiovascular wellness work in any event, when different factors were controlled (Colcombe ET al, 2003).The examination was significant as it was an affirmation that there is a connection between cardiovascular wellness and the degeneration the way that had recently been speculated. There was likewise the affirmation that cardiovascular wellness insurance and upgrade of the psychological capacity in the more seasoned grown-ups has an organic premise. This is an avocation of different investigations that had demonstrated that taking cell reinforcement enhancements could turn around maturing in more seasoned cerebrums; intellectual preparing could aid the conservation of mind function.The research report likewi se recommend that there are oxygen consuming exercises’ benefits that go past wellbeing markers (cardiovascular) which can even influence the cerebrum (Colcombe ET al, 2003). Summation of the article In the CNN’s article online that is entitled â€Å"Brain promoters: Exercising your psyche as you age,† there are some exploration gives that the writer, Peter Jaret has dealt with. He expresses that the scientists have built up that physical and mental exercises ensure one’s memory and helping the person in question remain alert (Jaret, 1999).He additionally alludes to the past explores expressing that the speed of mind handling does back off as one keeps on progressing in years and furthermore that between the age of twenty five and fifty five individuals can free around twenty five percent of their neurotransmitters (associations which transfer messages between neurons). Likewise that the more seasoned individuals experience issues in concocting either num bers or names; this being on the grounds that memory takes additional time in recovering the data.He additionally specifies Robert Dustman’s article in 1990 that expresses that those individuals who are vigorously fit are better in remaining alarm and focus or even in recognition of data. He cites the executive of Gerontology at the University of Texas who expresses that two physical components are the ones that predicts the presentation (on trial of data preparing) of an individual. The creator gives the motivation behind why vigorous wellness influences the mind decisively on the grounds that activities permit veins to stay open and the heart to stay solid, along these lines permitting the cerebrum to work appropriately since the supplements can arrive at the mind cells.He states that neurons that make two percent of the complete body weight use around one fourth of the oxygen and glucose consumption by the body. Activities additionally permit portions of the parity and dev elopment that keep the associations of the neurons solid (Jaret, 1999). Jaret (1999) additionally makes reference to the explores that discovered that psychological acrobatic are valuable in the protection of mental aptitude. He refers to the examination by Meyer who recorded his exploration discoveries in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society in 1990 expressing that blood stream for the individuals who have permitted their psyches to be inert declines.The creator specifies the 1998 issue of Neuroscience where the analysts found that synapses can recreate; the investigation that was finished utilizing rodents. He additionally specifies Robert Goldman’s proposals on the manners in which one can create cerebrum associations that are underused. Initial, one can mess around that require thinking, remember verse and refrains, understanding articles and books that are testing lastly take part in rehearses that are viewed as intricate or troublesome (Jaret, 1999).Critique of the Article Studying the article, unmistakably the writer had done what's needed examination before he chose to submit it for distributing. This is on the grounds that a significant number of the examination discoveries that he makes reference to are either gone before or followed by their creators or the sources from where the data had been gotten. Data about the speed of brain’s handling easing back with the headway old enough had just been demonstrated in the explores by Colcombe ET al.Other claims that the creator has made and that are checked by the discoveries of this exploration incorporate the level of the neural connections that are lost as age advances, between the age of twenty five and fifty five and that activities keeps the blood streaming to the synapses realities that are likewise referenced in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. At the point when he expresses that psychological vaulting can safeguard mental ability he aggress with the examination done by Marks Et al (2007) entitled â€Å"Role of oxygen consuming wellness and maturing on cerebral white issue incorporate. †Despite the investigated realities that the author of the article has given, there are subtleties that he has not given the perusers maybe in view of as far as possible permitted in the media distributions. The strategy utilized by the scientists has not been demonstrated and other significant subtleties, for example, research plans, information assortment techniques, and the factors. This makes the perusers incapable to get the last subtleties of the explores. This anyway doesn't at any structure delude the peruser as the writer was mindful so as to refer to the wellsprings of the data that he has taking everything into account, obviously Peter Jaret article was elegantly composed, refering to the sources from where

Critical shopper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic customer - Article Example The staff at the extravagance store Louis Vuitton assumes so; given the nature of a portion of the product that they have been selling of late. While the previously mentioned harmed merchandise were the objects of accounts, which disappointed clients of Louis Vuitton have shared on the web, there is consistently a second side to the story. This is the reason I made a decision about it important to travel to one of their stores with the eyes of a basic customer. The picture that a store wins is a result of its products, its store, and its administration. The awfulness accounts of the costly items ending up being of less fortunate quality than anticipated are downright a disclosure concerning the significant expense rises to great equation. In any case, I have faith in giving the other two factors an exhaustive examination too before making any last decisions. Along these lines, I compose this scrutinize with a point of view that envelops a few unique parts of Louis Vuitton. The pictur e this brand sets in the brains is one of class, effortlessness, and magnificence. It intends to set an elevated requirement in style, while demonstrating its intrigue to the upper working class and the tip top in explicit. Louis Vuitton engineers the environment of its stores to outline definitely to this picture. The tastefulness with which the store is enriched and made conveys an understood message of more significant level class. One can judge by the look and feel of the spot that this brand spends a few a huge number of dollars to structure the sense of taste of the dividers and afterward decorate them with agile plans and retires (Louis Vuitton, 2011). Consequently, Louis Vuitton prevails with regards to having a store air, which is indistinguishable from the picture they depict of the brand. Something else that the store obviously puts vigorously in is the enrichment done all through the store. This incorporates the way the various items the store brings to the table are mas terminded all through the store, and how well their cleanliness and request is kept up. These were all rich and deliberately kept up, with the goal that the vibe of the store didn't lose its spotless and very much kept up fascinate during any piece of great importance which I spent there. One particularly striking element of the store was the way where the decorators have masterminded the diverse product at a bargain. A few of the stores that Louis Vuitton has, don't sell garments. They represent considerable authority in cowhide merchandise, which is the reason their slogan is ‘Epi Leather.’ These products incorporate wallets, packs and totes, and shoes. Different frill they sell incorporate shades and adornments. Indeed, even the store window shows the products in a dazzling way, which would pull in a purchaser to enter the store and view. This is one part of the store, against which the clients will in all probability not have any grumblings. It fulfills the picture of the store because of which such a large number of individuals visit and purchase from Louis Vuitton. As the vibe of the store passes examination, we proceed onward to the subsequent factor, which makes up the genuine picture of the store among its clients. The store was well furnished with deals colleagues so the business aide to client proportion never got low. There was maybe a slight presumptuous air with regards to how these partners welcomed their clients (Louis Vuitton, 2010), which is unpardonable except if a large portion of their clients have coordinating grandiose demeanors. They were, nonetheless, present close by the clients for the duration of the time that the client was perusing, eagerly releasing data about the items accessible in stock, just as their area in the huge showcase all through the

Weighted-average cost of capital and capital structure Essay

Weighted-normal expense of capital and capital structure - Essay Example Nowadays the world network is quick dealing with the recessionary patterns in practically all segments. The corporate world is feeling the squeeze to reduce expenses and do equity with the current workforce.On the one hand organizations are attempting to increase significant help from the particular governments; while then again, all endeavors are being made to get rid of undue consumptions, and making the capital structure ideal in effectiveness. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a key methodology towards making the capital structure the most profitable for the organization. Almost certainly organizations may have embraced such exercise numerous multiple times previously, however the way wherein the business is encountering the weight in the present setting, makes it even more fundamental for the organizations to have a relook at a portion of the arrangements and methodology for figuring the WACC. Along these lines, this examination is a push to break down the techniques re ceived for computing the weighted normal expense and how organizations utilize such counts in showing up at sound budgetary choices for their venture plans.Managers should make key proceeds onward the premise of both outside and inner investigation. They need to control costs and oversee cash for the continuous activities just as for the advanced ventures. This could be through getting ready or checking on spending plans, cost reports, or travel approvals. It might be money the board or deals the executives. For money related administration, markets and conditions are surveyed. Inside, working and money related capacities of the organization/association are broke down by utilizing the hard realities, for example the fiscal reports, spending plans and so on. Venture choices happen to be very significant for an organization and its business activities. Business people regularly face the problem of receiving one sort of capital structure as contrasted and options accessible. There are various partners engaged with a business suggestion. Other than the money related assets, the endeavor requires the help of human capital, scholarly capital, relationship capital and so on. (Fletcher et al, 2003). While the endeavors for improving different kinds of capital requires a greater amount of scholarly capital and interior control, the money related choices for the organization require a sound comprehension of the monetary position winning inside the nation/area, the market position and the procedures being received by the serious organizations. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital in this way ends up being a helpful instrument in managing the monetary choice and discovering the pace of profits that the organization can expect at the appointed time. The drawn out arranging choices taken with the assistance of WACC can likewise be evaluated over the span of tasks, on the off chance that it is discovered that the genuine figures are broadly at difference with the normal paces of profits. The counts of weighted normal expense of capital includes concurring proportionate load to every class of capital sources like, basic stock, favored stock, bonds and some other long haul debt1. Administrative financial aspects requests examination of present and real expenses. In the money saving advantage investigation opportunity cost likewise accentuates the job of judgment. Modernized computation should be possible while investigating the money related subtleties of one's own organization,

Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

Mechanical Revolution Essay Mechanical Revolution is viewed as a significant period in human advancement which happened in the period towards the finish of the eighteenth century extending to the nineteenth century. Modern insurgency is said to have started in the United Kingdom and later spread to different pieces of the world including the remainder of Europe, North America among different pieces of the world. During this period there were significant changes in the agrarian part, transportation, and assembling among different circles of life. These progressions were to impactsly affect the social, financial, and social existence of the individuals in Britain which was the support of the upheaval. This paper will look at the focal manners by which the Industrial Revolution changed the western social orders. Effects of the Industrial Revolution The beginning of the Revolution is viewed as a pivotal defining moment throughout the entire existence of humankind as it prompted changes in practically every part of life. The Revolution began towards the finish of the eighteenth century when there was automation of the material business, rise of new iron creation abilities, and an expansion in the usage of cleaned coal. There were enhancements in the vehicle organize which encouraged trade of merchandise and enterprises. For the most part, a development in different ventures was seen and difficult work was supplanted by automation which prompted expanded creation . The material business was among the first to feel the effects of the mechanical upset. The development of the cotton gin in 1794 acquired effectiveness isolating of cotton seeds from fiber. The disclosure of the sewing machine in 1846 further altered the material business as the creation of garments moved from homes to enterprises. Aside from the effects of the industrialization on the local enterprises, the upheaval prompted expanded profitability in the homesteads because of motorization of horticulture. With expanded profitability in the ranches, enterprises sprung up and people grouped specifically locales working in the ventures or occupied with exchange. This in the long run prompted the improvement of towns and urban communities . Headway in innovation during this period prompted the development of private enterprise as the proprietors of the methods for creation became more extravagant. There was an expansion in the monetary development which was because of the new advancements of the modern insurgency as found in the multiplying of the UK’s buying power and an ascent in the all out national pay during the nineteenth to twentieth century . The unrest additionally achieved changes in the country’s political structures in Britain as industrialists started supplanting the land proprietors of the agrarian period to get persuasive in the country’s monetary and power structure. There were likewise modifications in the working conditions as production lines furnished the laborers with poor working conditions. These included poor ventilations, stuffing, youngster work was on the ascent, and people were inadequately paid and worked under risky and perilous conditions . The workers were paid less wages that prompted advancement of ghettos since they could barely manage the cost of not too bad lodging. The laborers were commonly working under outrageous conditions which constrained the administration of the day to pass enactments that would oversee the interests of the laborers. The laborers additionally started endeavors that brought about the making of worker's organizations which upset for their inclinations . The Industrial Revolution likewise prompted advancements in the vehicle and correspondence area. A few developments prompted the effectiveness in this segment as street systems were improved, water transport supported through the creation of steam motors, and correspondence made simpler particularly with the revelation of transmitted machines. Railroad transport was likewise evolved and this facilitated the vehicle of mass merchandise, items, and crude materials to the businesses . End There is no uncertainty that mechanical unrest was an extremely important occasion in mankind's history. There were incredible progressions and developments that were planned for making life progressively proficient simultaneously expanding creation. In spite of the fact that the transformation concocted its difficulties, it stays to be a urgent piece of mankind's history as it completely reformed the world into another request.

How to Write an Essay For College Application

How to Write an Essay For College ApplicationMany students today feel that they need to learn how to write an essay for a college application. This is a common misconception. Essays are not mandatory but they do carry significant weight when they are submitted. They can be quite confusing and intimidating if you do not know what you are doing, so learning to write an essay for a college application is not just about being clever or having knowledge about the topic.The best way to write an essay for a college application is to follow the accepted format. As with many things, it helps to follow a pattern. This is all about practice. You will soon come to understand how to write an essay for a college application that will produce results.The structure of the essay is to begin with a thesis statement that needs to be supported by supporting facts. This thesis statement should be something that is unique to the reader. In other words, the reader has to be able to find it in themselves to understand why the writer is writing the essay. It is imperative that the thesis statement is written in such a way that the reader will be motivated to take action in order to get to the supporting facts.The second step in how to write an essay for a college application is to provide supporting evidence. In order to provide supporting evidence, your essay needs to demonstrate your ability to think logically and give examples. With this evidence, you should not be too ambiguous with the examples. If it is an example of a situation, explain in detail how it happened. Exaggeration can be counterproductive, so stick to the facts.Another aspect of how to write an essay for a college application is to carefully consider the content of the essay. Take time to think about what you really want to say about the topic. You should also take the time to consider what the problem is and then offer a solution. A good strategy for how to write an essay for a college application is to think about the idea and then use the experiences of your life as well as your previous work experience to help you come up with an idea that will make a great essay.Another factor that may influence how to write an essay for a college application is the expected length of the application and acceptance letter. Some students feel that they have nothing to say and are eager to submit their application. However, be careful that the length of the letter is appropriate for the expectations of the college.Finally, a final step in how to write an essay for a college application is to be ready to read the letter. This does not mean expecting it to be perfect. The student will need to read the letter in order to know whether or not they want to write a response.As you can see, there are many steps involved in how to write an essay for a college application. However, it is easier to learn about these steps and get started on writing an essay for a college application after you are prepared to begin. Onc e you are armed with these steps, you will be able to take the initiative and create an essay that will impress the college admissions officers.

AP English Composition a rhetoric class without rhetoric

When it first crossed my mind that I might be able to rework the original version of The Critical Reader into a prep book for the AP English Language and Composition exam, one of the initial things I did was head over to the College Boards website and read the AP Comp course description. Id done some tutoring for the exam a few years back, but it wasnt a test Id been constantly immersed in, as was  the case for the old SAT. I also knew that in addition to changing the SAT, the College Board had planned overhauls for a number of AP exams. Interestingly, the AP English Comp test was not officially listed among them; however, as I read the description for 2014 and beyond, it became clear that the test had recently  undergone some important changes. To be sure, I knew that SAT Reading was being pared down to handful of concepts (the skills that matter most!). Nevertheless, I was a tad taken aback when I came across the following statement, nestled among endless paragraphs touting the importance of rhetorical reading: Growth in skills cannot be measured or assessed as students’ mastery of a vocabulary of rhetorical terms. While older versions of this course (including questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam itself) relied on knowledge of terminology as a way of assessing student work, the AP English Language and Composition Exam has evolved to emphasize the appropriate application of such terminology in students’ analyses of texts. Any rhetorical terms that appear in this course are best situated as part of the teacher’s vernacular, not the students’. A rule of thumb for students’ vocabulary may be to reinforce language often heard in public discourse, or what we may call terms for functional rhetoric. These terms may include, but are not limited to context, appeals, purpose, audience, attitude, diction, and syntax. (AP English Language and Composition Course Description, p. 21) So essentially, the College Board is saying that AP English and Composition is a rhetoric course that should not include the actual teaching of rhetoric. Take a moment and try to wrap your head around that one.   Its unlikely anyone would argue that AP English Comp should consist of nothing more than memorizing dozens of obscure rhetorical figure (although Shakespeare, to cite one prominent example, doesnt seem to have had his creativity particularly stifled by that type of approach). I dont think, however, that that approach was ever emphasized  in American classrooms in the first place or at least it hasnt happened for a very long time. Arguing that students are only now  being saved from rote drilling is the flimsiest of straw men. This is essentially the application of a very misguided idea pushed to its logical extreme namely, that the learning of specific terms and pieces of information is not only the opposite of true learning (which is held to be  authentic or natural), but that acquiring this type of discrete knowledge actively  prevents true learning from occurring. Thus, in the service of promoting true learning, it is necessary to deprive students of knowledge. Reductio ad absurdum. Now, the College Board is at least willing to concede that teachers can have some knowledge of rhetorical terminology, but as for students well, it wouldnt be quite proper for students to learn anything beyond the basics. Never mind that learning that kind of thing was traditionally the entire point of the course. If this were a remedial class, that argument might  have some credibility, but by definition, the whole point of the AP program is to provide students with  advanced work.   This is kind of like insisting that students can master biology without memorizing the parts of a cell or the difference between a gene and a chromosome. As I wrote about a while back, memorization is a component of critical thinking, not its opposite. To suggest otherwise is a fallacy, a false dichotomy, and all sorts of other rhetorical/logical terms that people responsible for designing a college-level rhetoric and composition class should know about. Obviously – obviously – students should learn to apply their knowledge, but one cannot apply knowledge that one does not have!   Whether this is the work of true believers (of which I believe David Coleman is one) or merely a cynical ploy to further expand the appeal of AP Comp – already the most popular AP exam – while ensuring an acceptable number of students still pass is unclear. Most likely, it’s a combination of both. But either way, the philosophy of learning it promotes is deeply problematic.  You can argue about the real-world value of learning rhetorical devices until youre blue in the face, but as a general principle, teaching students less does not make them  more knowledgeable. Ignorance is ignorance, not knowledge. Thats just how  reality works. And eventually, reality has a  way of catching up with you.   I confess that I sometimes feel like a broken record saying these things, but I think its important to keep stating them publicly. When the driving philosophies of this powerful an educational organization are based on nonsense (albeit widely accepted nonsense), someone needs to call that out. Rhetoric is the language of textual  analysis, and rhetorical figures are the fundamental components of an analytical vocabulary. In their absence, there is simply no way to discuss a text with any degree of precision, to understand how it actually functions and what makes it effective (or not). Taking away that vocabulary impedes not only the’ ability to write about texts at an  advanced level, but the ability to even perceive how they work. Reading rhetorically and writing analytically are not natural acts   acquiring the  vocabulary is  inseparable from  acquiring the skill.   On one hand, the College Board asserts that students should learn to  write prose characterized by precise word choice and stylistic variation, and on the other it tries to deprive  them of the tools necessary to do those things. Clearly,  someone lacks a sense of irony.   But all  that said, lets  consider what this  means in terms of the AP Comp exam. On one hand, the College Boards statement is somewhat disingenuous. The rhetorical analysis  essay is still a prominent component of the test, and clearly, the stronger a rhetorical vocabulary you have, the better an essay you can write. That said, the de-emphasis of rhetorical figures means that provided you write a well-structured, easily comprehensible essay with a clear thesis, you can get away with a pretty superficial knowledge of rhetorical terminology. As long as you know the basics – simile, metaphor, diction, syntax, appeal to emotion (College Board favorite!) – you don’t need to worry about things like chiasmus, litotes, zeugma, and anadiplosis. So if you’re at all tempted to spend  these last few weeks before the exam trying to cram lists of rhetorical figures, you can put them aside and go study for AP Calc instead. The area in which the change is most significant is the multiple-choice reading. In  the past, the exam reliably featured questions that looked like this: In lines x-y, the author makes use of which  of the following (A) apostrophe (B) euphemism (C) antithesis (D) clichà © (E) metaphor Now, however, virtually all rhetorical strategy  questions have now been transformed into â€Å"purpose† or â€Å"function† questions, e.g. The author’s use of the analogy in lines x-y  primarily serves to (A) call attention to an exception  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (B) defend a claim  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (C) emphasize an ironic point of view   (D) evoke an emotion (E) appeal to the audience’s sense of justice While this question appears to revolve around the identification of a rhetorical figure (analogy), the reality is that it’s really asking about the larger point the lines containing the analogy serve to support or convey. Basically, if you can identify that information, the analogy itself is irrelevant. It is not necessary  to know what the rhetorical term means to answer the question. Yes, there are a handful of common terms that you need to know (anecdote, irony, metaphor, digression, generalization, assertion), but the more exotic stuff? Gone. Now, I was curious as to whether these changes have registered with the major test-prep publishers, so I took a trip to the bookstore (from which I am writing this post)  and checked out the  AP English Comp guides produced by four of the usual suspects: Princeton Review, Kaplan, McGraw Hill, and Barron’s. Sure enough, every single one included outdated  multiple-choice questions that directly tested more advanced rhetorical figures.  Clearly,  these changes have not been widely noted.   So if you are practicing with one of these books, please, please be aware that they give a misguided impression of what is actually on the exam in 2017.   Why do I get so worked about rhetoric? Well, if you’ll humor me, I’d like to offer a personal anecdote. People are often surprised to learn that I was never a straight-A student in English during high school. I mostly got an assortment of B-pluses and occasional A-minuses, but things never really seemed to gel for me. My English classes, like those at pretty much every other American high school, did not cover rhetorical terminology in any systematic way. I knew what similes and metaphors were of course, but beyond that, not much. At the same time, I couldnt really figure out just what my English teachers wanted. You know those kids who seem to just intuitively suss out what their teachers are looking for and give it to them? Well that wasn’t me. The whole business of analyzing various peoples writing was a mystery to me, even though I read a lot. The rules just seemed so fuzzy. Interestingly, my first real glimpse of the world of rhetoric came when I was studying for the AP English Comp test. My school did not offer a formal AP English class, but students  were encouraged to sign  up for the exam regardless. Having virtually no guidance about how to prep, I sat myself down with a dictionary of rhetorical figures. The sheer number and foreignness of them made me panic (how on earth was I supposed to learn all this?) but it also gave me a glimpse of a new way of thinking. This rhetoric stuff,  what was it really? Clearly it was important entire books had been dedicated to it.  But  if it was important, why  had my teachers been ignoring it for all these years? A few years later, during my junior-year abroad stint in the hyper-traditional French university system, where I studied basically nothing but rhetoric in my literature classes, I discovered that knowing lots of rhetorical terminology actually made analyzing things (not just a literature) a whole lot easier. I had always struggled to start papers: I never knew what to focus on, or how to develop an argument, or how to engage with a text on a word-by-word level. Learning about things like anaphora and parataxis and synecdoche gave me a language for approaching a text and describing what authors were doing; they allowed me to quickly understand how the parts of a text worked together to create a whole. All I had to do was start by describing how the language worked rhetorically, and I’d quickly find myself with a solid thesis. For someone who used to compulsively procrastinate and torture herself over getting started on pretty much every paper she had ever written, this was literally a life-altering development. But if that doesn’t persuade you, let me conclude by appealing to your sense of practicality: without a strong and varied set of tools for understanding how texts work, the range of things you can notice and discuss in your papers is greatly restricted. Discussing things takes up space – if you’re trying to fill five or 10 pages quickly, it helps to have lots of stuff to talk about. The more specific you can be, the easier a time you’ll have filling up space. Otherwise, you are basically stuck rehashing the content, describing in great detail the reader’s probable reactions, or using lots of adjectives to talk about how great the author’s work is (the major things that I see in students’ writing). That might fly in high school, but it probably  won’t work in college. That is not to say your college professors will expect you to discuss rhetorical figures in depth in your papers – with the possible exception of a freshman rhetoric class, they won’t – but it will greatly expand your ability to notice how arguments are put together and create readable, interesting prose. And that is also a skill you can apply to almost anything that involves reading and writing  in the real world, from writing a standout cover letter to soothing an angry colleague over email 3,000 miles away.

Health Is Not A Singular Concept Essay - 1249 Words

With almost any visit to a doctor the question will come up, â€Å"Have you been eating healthy?† Everyone would like to think so or at least impress the doctor by saying so, but the term â€Å"health† may contradict the stereotypical simple answer of eating fruit and vegetables and working out. In fact, doctors may even have the wrong impressions on health when giving their patients advice. Over three articles, different authors have shared their views on health, what it means, and how it affects our society. From these, I comprised my own definition for health. Health is not a singular concept. Rather, it affects an entire society, allowing everyone to access food filled with the necessary nutrients to sustain life. This definition though has no use unless it is able to be shared with large populations. Therefore, education and ease of implementation are the most critical parts of the definition of health because they allow the American citizens to put the values of h ealth into practice. From the arguments, the authors vary in their abilities to make convincing arguments based on how well their health plans are defined. The first author, Michael Pollan, establishes health as a societal term. He desires to create a healthy, utopian society by changing the way food is produced. In his argument in the article â€Å"Farmer in Chief,† Michael Pollan points out that â€Å"the health of a nation’s food system is a critical issue of national security.† This shows how seriously he takes America’sShow MoreRelatedCultural Competency And Awareness, Organization, And Skills1605 Words   |  7 Pages It is important to first define cultural competency, as the ability for health professionals to work in situations where their personal culture may not be identical to that of the patient they are interacting with (Blackburn, 2015). Unfortunately, there is no definitive definition utilized across professions (Suarez-Balcazar et al., 2011). This can make it difficult to pursue in both teaching it and evaluating it. In fact, this study will only touch on one method of evaluating cultural competenceRead MoreCrisis Management Communication Plan1291 Words   |  6 Pages(Roberts, 2005 ). Effective communication vitally important in health care setting. 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Notes On Leadership And Management Essay - 1372 Words

NS 3 Leadership and Management Short Essay #1 25134737 Date Submitted For the longest, most people have defined leadership as a noble trait, a defining quality of great people that we read in our history books, that we hear in the news, and that we try our very best to emulate. In the modern day, through various theories and ideas, we have justified the definition of leadership, not as a singular characteristic but, as a set of abilities utilized by one to influence followers towards a common set goal. Our society demands for both leaders and managers. I perceive my own leadership as a follower-serving, task-oriented manager rather than an authentic leader. A lot of people frequently make the wrong assumption that leaders and managers constitutes the polar regions of a leadership spectrum in which leaders are seen as â€Å"good† while managers are seen as â€Å"bad.† To answer this cognitive dilemma, managers are essentially leaders in their own terms, with different roles and responsibilities. While a leader’s role in an organization is to provide a vision and lead the team to that said-goal, is it the manager’s job to manage the details and specifics on how to achieve that vision. On page 9 of Enhancing Leadership, it is stated that: â€Å"leadership and management complement each other, and both are vital to organizational success.† Let us see the U.S. Navy as an example. A four-star admiral envisions a Navy that is able to project its power all over the globeShow MoreRelatedA Note On Leadership And Management Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesto express my sincere appreciation to all the staff for your hard work in our company. 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FromRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management1494 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership versus Management 1. Define Management. Management is the organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting; objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results. Management also includes recording and storing facts and information for later use or for others within the organization. Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizationalRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management888 Words   |  4 PagesMGMT IM153 Manufacturing Organization and Management. MAJOR PAPER LEADERSHIP and MANAGEMENT Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. Any effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves. A manager’s role characterize a more controlled, structured, rule oriented, analytical and orderly sequenced. Whereas, the role of a leader indicates a more visionary, experimental, impassioned, unstructuredRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management2832 Words   |  12 Pages1. Leadership and Management Leadership and management are 2 major concepts in the world of business and most likely to be confused with each others. This assignment tries to determine if there are any differences between the 2 concepts. 1.1 Leadership Definition Leadership has many different definitions, however, leadership in management is defined as the leader is the person who others are following, and to have followers it’s a process that needs an impact of that person on others to follow himRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management2297 Words   |  10 PagesBBA 450 Final Betzanely Bueno Leadership and Management 1) Leadership tasks- †¢ Adopt a Vision: create or adopt a compelling vision that clearly describes the expectations of the team members. †¢ Motivate: inspire aligned individual and group goals by being the role model and by holding people accountable †¢ Manage: plan and set priorities and organize resources to achieve business outcomes and direct and monitor performance †¢ Foster teamwork: develop and sustain effective working relationships, createRead MorePersonal Note On Leadership And Management2196 Words   |  9 Pages Theme 1 1. Leadership and Management The Experience(s) After this lecture I could reanalyze my previous experience as buyer, where the company use to incentive each Procurement Professional to be a leader of their â€Å"Families†. As buyer I did not use just to buy, but lead all strategy about the purchase of that segment for whole company in the country, even I was not a manager. This was a great experience. Moreover, as part of the strategy, we had to interact to the leaders (internal clients) ofRead MoreA Short Note On Bsn Nursing Leadership And Management Course962 Words   |  4 Pagescolleagues. I was able to see general qualities, but not a true appreciate for the importance of teamwork and the strengths that other team players bring to the table to support concerted efforts of the nursing profession. The RN-BSN Nursing Leadership and Management course helped me improve in those areas and taught me how to distinguish qualities of fellow colleagues; as well as how to apply the right quality, to the right t ask. The class also taught me that individuals have unique skills, personalitiesRead MoreThe s Leadership Style And Its Impact On Ch2m Hill Company Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction management in 1985. Despite negative responses from her male counterparts, she strived to remain faithful to her ambitions to make CH2M Hill one of the best run companies in the world. The essence of this research paper is to give Hinman’s leadership style and its impact on CH2M Hill Company. In this regard, it depicts her role as a transformational leader at the company I currently work for. Thesis statement: The incorporation of transformational and participative leadership has made CH2MRead MoreEssay On Leadership Programs887 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Organizations offer leadership programs to assist employees to develop an array of leadership skills as they continue to develop the careers in the professional lives. Usually, these leadership development programs are usually established as part of a wider employee development programs. It is important to note that some companies prefer to offer career specific training programs while other organizations offer a general leadership competency programs that are focused on topics such

Immanuel Kant And The Principle Of Morality - 1279 Words

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who argued that reason is the source of morality. He had a few categorical imperatives which consisted of universalizability, using people as an end in itself rather than as a means, and formulation of autonomy. In his imperative of universalizability, he strongly believed that an act is only morally right if it can be universalized and applied to every situation. For example, if it was morally right for someone to lie, then it should be morally right for everyone to lie. However, this would mean no one would believe anyone and therefore this would not work so lying cannot be universalized. In the imperative of using humanity as an ends, he believed that one should never use someone merely as a means†¦show more content†¦Random selection has no reason behind who gets treatment, and society would not benefit the most from this. Patients who may not respond to treatment could be selected and therefore more medical supplies would be wasted which isn t the greatest good. Individual prognosis of the chance of a treatment’s success would be better in the eyes of a utilitarian because it is better to provide medical supplies to patients who would actually benefit from it, rather on those whom might not respond to the treatment. Therefore, the greater good would be to use the medical rationing on people who need it and would benefit from it most, rather than those who would not. Alongside the success rate, another important factor utilitarians would like would be the quality of life the treatment ultimately gives a patient. If the quality of life is poor to the person who had received the treatment, not only did another person lose out on treatment but someone did not benefit and also wasted supplies. Therefore it’s a double loss and there is no greater utility which comes out of this situation. Utilitarians also agree that contributions to society must play a role in deciding who gets medical treatment. If someone had contributed greatly t o society and will continue to do so, they deserve treatment because this will lead to a greater utility for society. However, a criminal should not receive treatment because they do not provide anything beneficial to society and would likely commit moreShow MoreRelatedKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strictRead MoreA Lie Is Not Moral Or Ethical Value1004 Words   |  5 Pagesdisrespectful. I believe, the purpose to a lie is achieving a goal at the expense of another. It holds no moral or ethical value. Human beings are entitled to be respect by others. A philosopher known as Immanuel Kant who established two rules called as categorical imperative under the deontology theory (Kant, 2008). Deontology is the obligation or duty to act (Mosser, 2013). The rules in categorical imperative are one shoul d act in a way that maxims resulting in action being a universal law and actRead MoreComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesDavid Hume and Immanuel Kant David Hume and Immanuel Kant each made a significant break from other theorists in putting forward a morality that doesn’t require a higher being or god, for a man to recognize his moral duty. Although Hume and Kant shared some basic principals they differed on their view of morality. In comparing the different views on human will and the maxims established to determine moral worth by David Hume and Immanuel Kant, I find their theories on morality have some meritRead MoreThe Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Metaphysic of Morals by Immanuel Kant: A Reflection and Analysis Author name Name of institutionâ€Æ' In man’s attempt to figure out what is right or wrong, they have developed a number of systems that purportedly deal with such matters. Immanuel Kant expanded on his moral philosophy in his work, Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals. This paper will be a reflection upon Kantian ethical principles presented therein and their relation to what is generally called morality. People have tried to understandRead MoreThe concept of human nature focuses on the distinctive natural characteristics of humans, namely1500 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning our variant attributes. Nevertheless, one philosopher, by the name of Immanuel Kant cannot be classified solely as religious, a realist, conservative or rational, as he seemingly wanted to move past the conventional polychotomy and his ideologies were representative of modern, Enlightened philosophy – a combined product of the numerous views of human nature proposed by his predecessors. The convictions of Kant in terms of human nature are referred to as the Copernican Revolution of PhilosophyRead MoreA Study Of Ethics By Immanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill992 Words   |  4 Pagesaround ethics. The court released Lavallee as innocent on the basis that she is medically ill with Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS). The two most renowned ethicists, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill would view this case differently. Kantianism is associated solely with Immanuel Kant. In comparison, John Stuart Mill, an opponent of Immanuel Kant’s ideas, uses a utilitarian approach. This essay will briefly give an overview of the case and the BWS. Then, it will show how both theories view the case.Read More Immanuel Kants Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesImmanuel Kants Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals In his publication, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant supplies his readers with a thesis that claims morality can be derived from the principle of the categorical imperative. The strongest argument to support his thesis is the difference between actions in accordance with duty and actions in accordance from duty. To setup his thesis, Kant first draws a distinction between empirical and â€Å"a priori† concepts. EmpiricalRead MoreEthical Decision Making Assignment1001 Words   |  5 Pagesgreatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† - John Stuart Mill. This particular quote refers to the utilitarian approach which states that in all our actions we must always strive to produce the greatest possible balance of good or evil. The utilitarian approach deals with consequences. It tries both to increase the good done and to reduce the har m done. Immanuel Kant was an importantRead MoreEssay on Role of Happiness in Ethical Decisions1209 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason† (Kant 1). The usage of reason as a representation of one’s intellect is a common trait in the 21st century. Happiness, a positive emotion, tends to blur one’s judgement and coerces philosophers to look upon its relevance when formulating ethical decisions. When considering the role of emotion in ethical decisions, one must consider the contrasting views of Immanuel Kant, an 18th Prussian philosopher that focussed his philosophies aroundRead MoreKant And Mill : Morality As A Responsibility Towards Positive Impacts1578 Words   |  7 PagesBoth Kant and Mill describe morality as a responsibility towards positive impacts. Kant views morality as thought out actions leading to positive outcomes for others through means of using ones conscience (Kant, Immanuel, 2). Therefore, a person’s actions should result in a positive impact on others, and a person should think carefully before doing something to ensure that. Immorality as defined by Kant describes self-centered actions that do not benefit any other human being while Mill’s theory

My Vision And Goals Of My Life - 874 Words

I grew up in an under resourced, underdeveloped community where every day was as difficult as the last. These hardships shaped me to become the individual I am today. My vision and goals for the future are specifically influenced by the events that I witnessed and one of these events that took place in my country of origin, Lebanon. On the night of July 12, 2006, I woke up to the piercing cries of frightened children as bombs were targeting civilians and destroying the nation’s basic infrastructure. My family decided to head to the mountains in hopes of finding a safe shelter. On our way, I witnessed buildings collapse and dead bodies scattered on the streets. Suddenly, I heard an explosion and realize that the vehicle ahead of us had been†¦show more content†¦During times of war, we decided to seek a better life in the United States. My focus was to purse the American dream by achieving a higher education and provide a better quality of life for my family. However, b eing a first-generation college student, I experienced financial, academic, and motivational struggles. Conversely, through hard work and dedication, I was able to consistently earn a competitive GPA. Furthermore, I had to develop excellent organization and time management skills to find a way to balance work, academics, and personal responsibilities. Although I went through tough times, I let my hardships serve as a lesson and a reminder for me to stay focused and motivated to attain my goal. During my time in college, I volunteered in several settings. These experiences allowed me to gain exposure to people of various cultures and thus improve my ability to effectively communicate with individuals from different backgrounds. Volunteering also allowed me to experience the satisfaction of being able to selflessly give to others without expecting anything in return. Through these projects, I learned that although we are improving as a community, it is important for every individual to do their best to give back and support those who are less fortunate in any way possible. This could be through aiding them in finding shelters, offering them food, and helping them establish a betterShow MoreRelatedMy Passion For Christ Drive Everything That I Do933 Words   |  4 Pages2.1 Mission Statement. I am determined to allow my passion for Christ drive everything that I do. This includes being a good friend and investing myself into people more, asking the hard questions both in class and in life, and improving on my self judgement (being my own worst enemy). Included in this is, having more internal self-confidence. I will also take advantage of my strengths by accepting that imperfections are normal, and weakness will allow me to grow and trust more with all of thisRead MorePersonal And Career Development Program1144 Words   |  5 Pagessubstantial opportunity to discover my practical and management skills. As a result, I learned about my thinking approach, decision-making ability, capacity, and time management skills. I become more confident in communicating with others, how to discuss and make effective decisions while working with a team. I am able to gain professional experience and developed leadership quality. With the help of this course and the internship, I found a lot of changes in my behavior, feeling, and thinking. IRead MorePersonal Leadership Philosophy Of A Healthcare Organization1627 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore the organizational beliefs, vision, team motivations in order to accomplish the perceived vision successfully and professionally. It is my responsibility as a leader to effectively articulate the identified vision of the organization and motivate the team associates toward the accomplishment of the goals and objectives. It might require the confrontation of challenging and difficult choices and the leader’s deeply held philosophy. In this paper, I will create my personal leadership philosophyRead MorePersonal Statement : My Vision Statement869 Words   |  4 Pages We all have that vision statement that reflects your vision of your future, but also serves as a roadmap of your future. A vision statement is something we all have it’s one thing we really nev er notice. Just as I noticed mine. As everyone has a different vision statement my vision statement was really unique and made me realize a lot. 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While that’s not necessarilyRead MoreComprehensive Life Plan Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesComprehensive Life Plan By Meganne Standal Meganne Standal APOU101 Momentum (03) FA1 2012 18 September 2012 Comprehensive Life Plan I spent my high school years dreaming of places I wanted to see, things I wanted to do, and people I wanted to meet. After graduation reality set in and I realized I abused my time in high school, making it difficult for me to transition into adult hood. I thought of what I was going to do rather than how I was going to get there; I could not have been moreRead MoreTransformational Leadership1211 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership qualities that not all people have. This does not mean though that they are born leaders. This also doesn’t mean that all leaders are good leaders. They can also harm society, like Hitler. People build their leadership qualities through life experiences. Great leaders are able to effectively influence their subordinates. This influencing is usually done by using their authority. Most people tend to believe and trust in people in authority because they have reputation and rapportRead MorePersonal Vision Statement : My Vision1508 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I will outline my personal vision statement. This vision and mission will help determine the steps I need to take now in order to become the type of leader that others will follow. Next, I discuss those internal and external obstacles which may prevent me from achieving my goals. Lastly, I will identify the steps I will take to overcome or mitigate those obstacles. In conclusion, by outlining my desired personal vision statement I hope to have a picture or image uponRead MoreWhy Business Should Develop A Strategy1216 Words   |  5 PagesStrategy could be a set of goals that you achieve to gain competitive advantage over competitors. Strategy is something a business utilizes to build on to stay in business for a long time. According to Harvard Business Review â€Å"strategy is something that set you apart from other businesses† (Michael Porter). This paper will define strategy, also talk about why or why business should develop a strategy. Another eye open statement will address can or should individuals have a life strategy. What strategyRead MoreMy Vision997 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿What is your vision for the future? What is your purpose in life? What gets you out of bed every morning? These are questions we must constantly ask ourselves. As a college student, these are questions that are drowned out by the noise of academia, but as a young entrepreneur these are questions I ask myself daily.   I have a vision for change that has come from a longing of something more by a Power greater than myself. Gandhi once said, â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† I read

Comparing McCarthyism and The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay

Authors used their literary work to get a point across to the public in the story The Crucible; Arthur Miller used events and characters to show the similarities to McCarthyism which was prevalent in the 1950s. McCarthyism was associated with the period in the United Sates also known as the Second Red Scare. McCarthyism is very similar in the way that Joe McCarthy accused Americans of being communist and in The Crucible people were being accused of being witches. It is known that Arthur Miller wrote this story as a reaction to a tragic time in our history. In both situations people were accused and were found guilty with not much proof. You would think that the judges would dismiss a case when there wasn’t much proof. In The Crucible†¦show more content†¦People lost their jobs and careers went bad and even imprisonment occurred. McCarthy held hearings called the Hollywood Blacklist, which had to do with The House Committee on Un-American Activities and anti- communist activities with the FBI. McCarthyism had great effects on different levels of society, involving conflict and many arguments. This relates to The Crucible in the sense that the way people were acting changed dramatically, different and weird because they knew or thought that witches were around. It destroyed people’s relationships, caused chaos in church and separation between people. People supported Abigail and Rev.Parris in different types of ways. For example when Abigail would say something and even when it was not true the girls would all follow her moves and lie for her. McCarthyism was supported by many different groups, including a lot of anti- communist organizations, there was no solid number for the victims of McCarthyism, and people who were imprisoned were around the hundreds and ten to twelve thousand lost their jobs. In The Crucible some were hung and many were being imprisoned nonstop and everyone was being called a witch, even with no proof. They searched for perverts and ended up i n thousands being harassed and denied employment. In The Crucible John Proctor and Abigail had a quiet affair andShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesplays that came from the 1950s was Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. During a time when the U.S. was worried of communism taking over, Miller released The Crucible, which helped to capture the hysteria that was occurring. The play presents itself as a metaphor for the House of Un-American Activities Committee that was created during the Cold War when communism was spreading, but Miller never actually referenced it in the play. Although Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is set in the late 1600s, it offersRead MoreThe Crucible By Comparing The Salem Witch Trials1431 Words   |  6 Pagesnation, and Arthur Miller became a victim of McCarthyism. Miller suffered through accusations of possibly believing in communism; as a result, he wrote a play called The Crucible, in which he used the Salem W itch Trials of 1692 to explain the communist hysteria during the 1950s. Arthur Miller develops an allegory in The Crucible by comparing the Salem Witch Trials to McCarthyism by using ringleaders, persecuted couples, and hypocrisy in the government or legal system. Certainly, Miller creates aRead MoreThe Hands Of An Angry God1627 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Crucible Essay Two coarse yet uniquely fragile societies, three hundred years apart, devoured by individual ideologies that permeated belief systems, that blinded, deafened, and muted citizens, and that ultimately led to gruesome hysteria. â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, written by Jonathan Edwards in the mid-1700’s, is a sermon directed to a Puritan congregation urging with orthodox fervor for transgressors to repent. Arthur Miller wrote the allegorical play The Crucible in 1953Read MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1355 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern day, or is history merely an outlet to express one’s ideas by using past examples? History is both, and history is a powerful tool, such as when comparing two events to prove a point. Proving a point was a necessity for Arthur Miller during the 1950’s, and he proves his point through The Crucible, a play about the Salem Witch Trials. Miller attacks the red scare, which was a time of fear of communism growing in America, and proves the how similar the two events were, and how they are importantRead MorePuritan Intolerance In Arthur Millers The Crucible808 Words   |  4 PagesMcCarthyism is well-known and embraced by Arthur Miller. His 1953 play on the Salem witch trials act as an allegory to Joseph McCarthy’s scandal, comparing them to a â€Å"witch hunt†, thus an allusion to the Salem tragedies. Miller uses his characters in a strict way to develop his allegory of the Puritan intolerance. Strongly implanted by Miller, his theme of intolerance demonstrates what thoughts spring to life and what he is trying to put forth. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Miller uses his charactersRead More Analyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 31300 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 3 of The Crucible. During this essay, I will be explaining how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at thee end of Act 3 of his novel, The Crucible. I will be organizing this essay in paragraphs by points. Here are the main points I will be analyzing: - Setting - Stage Directions - Characters and Language - Comparing thee witch trials to the McCarthyism Proctor brings Mary to court and tells Judge DanforthRead MoreThe Human Lust For Power By Arthur Miller1689 Words   |  7 Pagesand philosophers alike constantly analyze its corrupting influence and recursive nature. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, however, highlights a different facet of power: the means by which individuals strive to obtain it. In particular, he focuses on social power and the use of accusatory labels, such as â€Å"witch,† to obtain this power. The story is also a clear extended analogy for American McCarthyism, comparing the absurdity of the Salem witch trials to the equally ridiculous accusations of â€Å"communistRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding776 Words   |  3 Pagesnegative feature throughout the novel, similar to the play The Crucible. William Golding uses Lord of the Flies as an allegory to present evil and sin through different symbols within the novel, with boys being trapped on an island. Arthur Miller presents evil and sin through a contextual, Puritan society within various characters. Even though both writers present these themes, Golding presents it in the lack of female presence and Miller presents it mainly from a female perspective. If one is to commitRead MoreEssay on Joseph McCarthy and the Red Scare1134 Words   |  5 Pagescommunists. The cold war had a large affect on this, because it is when America became afraid of communists or Russians. McCarthyism affected everyone in America Most citizens were afraid of the reds, some were former or current reds, some were accused and persecuted for being an assumed red. It’s clear that McCarthyism played a big role in the development of America. McCarthyism became a household term, not only associated with the red scare. It is now a term used for any accusation without any evidenceRead MoreThe Cold War And The Cuban Missile Crisis2976 Words   |  12 Pagesannihilation at any moment in time. Many can even name important events in the Cold War, such as ‘The Berlin Wall Collapsing’ or ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis’, however there is one major part of the Cold War that most tend to forget and glance over: McCarthyism, or the Red Scare. Senator Joseph McCarthy stressed an importance on ending communism in America, and during the 1950s, many accused to be affiliated with communists were sent to court and sometimes to prison when, in fact, most were innocent. Those

Easyjet Marketing free essay sample

Company name, short presentation and Product Description Identify the product category and describe all the characteristics of this category of product. Describe the product; you need to cover all the elements (core benefit, actual product and augmented product) Easyjet is a low-cost airline with headquarters in Londons Luton Airport. Its owned by EasyJet Holding Limited, whos CEO is Stelios Haji-Jannou. EasyJet operates 580 routes around all of Europe and 104 between Europe and airports in northern Africa. The company sells its own tickets directly to the user trough the Internet and by phone, without the need of requiring the services of third party companies, such as travel agencies. In spite of this, they allow other websites specialized in plane tickets booking (Eg. Edreams) to sell their tickets. EasyJets business model relies on subcontract arrangements for most of the services that the company needs to provide to its costumers. The plane ticket only gives you the right to have a seat, but all the other services that regular airlines would include in the regular fee are not given to the EasyJet costumer. Food and drinks are charged for, the ticket is given to the user for him to print at home, there are no different classes with a variable fee and the seats are not assigned. In contrast with the other low-cost airlines, Easyjet gets to the main European airports, yet, like most of them, charges for any piece of luggage other than handbags. In Spain, they have subcontracted the check in, luggage checking services and ramp services. Nowadays, EasyJet owns 183 Boeing 737-700 planes. By using only one plane model, the company benefits from discounts in mass production with the anufacturers. In terms of marketing, most of the market strategy is based on the image of being allowed to fly simply with a pair of jeans. The first campaign they launched was simply to tag their planes with the companys booking phone number on an orange color. EasyJet has used plenty slogans since it was first stablished and the current one is â€Å"We go, we get back†, which gives us a fresh and joyful im age of the company. 2. Who is the target consumer? Describe the consumer’s profile you think the product is aimed to; use as many variables as possible to be accurate. EasyJet’s costumer base is composed, essentially, of young travelers (interested in the low-cost offer) and professionals with an entrepreneurial profile, intermediate charges and low charges (who’s contracting company is interested in reducing travelling costs). Nowadays, young travellers represent 60% of EasyJet’s costumers. The other 40% is composed of professionals and other travellers. In spite of that, the business-travelling sector has a growing demand of EasyJet services. Most of EasyJet’s travellers are either U. K or Ireland nationals. Lately, the company has developed important marketing campaigns in order to penetrate other European countries in order to augment it’s costumer base. Profile segmentation: †¢ Geographic: Easyjet customers are from all of Europe and Morocco. †¢ Demographic: Young people traveling for pleasure and professionals and intermediate charges. †¢ Psychographic: Lower-middle class. EasyJet is making a strong ofensife to argue to their coustomers that used their service for a business mater, because of this, decides to sell their tickets in travel agencies specialized in this corporate segment, as El Corte Ingles Viajes, Globalia o Orizona. 3. What are the mediums used by the company to reach the consumer? Analyze the promotion mix and distribution channels. The main medium used by EasyJet to reach it’s consumer is the Internet. This is due to the fact that, as we’ve already said, 60% of it’s clients are youg and, therefore, Internet is the best way to penetrate it’s base clients and make EasiJet’s products and promotions known to them. The company is strongly leaning towards ans Internet-based model, as is proved by the launching, in the last years, of business unities such as EasyInternet (business cafes where the clients can connect to the Internet with strongly reduced fees), EasyRentaCar (an Internet car rental service), EasyCruise (cruising service) and some other services (such as hotel room booking). The main markets for EasyJet , such as France, Italy, Switzerland, germany and the United Kingdom, will count, as well, with a campain that combines television ads, outdoor, online media and ofline media. The main channels throu wich EasyJet reaches it’s target audience are: †¢ Online Advertising †¢ Billboards †¢ Video sales promotion †¢ Seasonal deals †¢ Coupon codes †¢ Word of mouth 4. Identify max. 2 competitors and compare their products with your (actual and augmented product elements) The mainly competitors that Easyjet has are Ryanair, the most directly, and looking in the Europe market, Germanwings, a company from Germany, its maybe another of the competitor, not as directly as Ryanair is. Talking about Ryanair, a company that has a lot of troubles in this moments with critics for some possibles low controls and low levels of security in their flights, es an airline that establish some consolidation as the principal in this model of the low cost, maybe the most controversy in this moments, with a president that is now communed to see on the channel news because he always use the interviews or the conferences because of a problem, as a way to delivered a free advertisement for the company he runs. Ryanair is characterized of delivered a transportation service in a real low cost, but that implicate some additional cost that might reach a price of a regular company, if you use all the â€Å"additional they add†. On the other side we have Germanwing, an airline that was created in 2002. Lufthansa owns One quarter of the company capital, and their tripulation followed the preparation and the courses offered by this airline. It operates on 67 different destinies in Europe, and is now in a expansion process, starting to compete directly with Easyjet or Ryanair. Its clearly impossible to compared some companies that are already with a consolidation in their market target that cost them years of work, like Ryanair or EasyJet, with an emerging company like Germanwings, but its important to stand out the growth this company is having continuously, and they are making a way to be able in a long term to stay competing in this really complex market. This companies named before, offered the same service, low cost transportation, characterize for sell tickets in a really cheap range of price that companies like Iberia or British Airway couldn’t reach to offers. The reason or this is that the costs this companies absorb are a lot higher because the service they sell includes all the â€Å"additional† services the low cost companies sell like an optional to each client. This model of low cost offers low quality in their general services (something that might be improvable), but based in a massive selling amount to reach real benefits. And in this particular moment of crisis, the affluence of passengers that evaluate the price to decide the ticket to buy is even higher. Looking at the main differences between this three companies, EasyJet and Ryanair are the ones that offered a better price, compare with Germanwings, this is clearly related to the market shared they owned. Because the first two are the main ones in this market, can assume lower range of benefit per ticket sold, something that a company in emerging process cant affords. Another primary difference is the benefit they give to their customers. Ryanair is the leading in lower price, taking aside the quality of the offered service, and even because of that they don’t stop increasing their selling levels (with no good explanation). EasyJet is the more complete company, keeping standard levels, characterized for having a medium level of service, with low price and a satisfaction level with a upward trend. And last but not least is Germanwings, characterized because of the comfort they offer to their customers, something hard to offered in this model of companies because they reduce the seats they have because of the comfort they want to offer. 5. Evaluate positive and negative reviews about your product found on Internet. You need to mention all the sources used and links, even if you don’t find reviews or ratings, you need to mention sources. The criticism we’ve seen being made to EasyJet is not based on regular practices of a particular kind, like the example of their main competitor Ryanair, that has criticism and legal problems involving almost every activity they develop, especially in security matters. EasyJet is not as involved as Ryanair in that many troubles, even thou it involves a whole group that offers more than just air transportation, but we will evaluate just this service. In this point of view, the company just has some specific cases of problems, involving some discrimination. Generalizing, they have some particular services in their check in process or in their buying web page that gives them trouble. In our search, we consider that the following articles are the ones that describe in a perfect way the criticism we found: †¢ â€Å"EasyJets flight times mean keeping an eye on your emails† †¢ â€Å"EasyJets passport rule creates a no-fly zone† †¢ â€Å"Double trouble from easyJets in-flight payment glitch† †¢ â€Å"easyJet accused of discriminating against disabled passengers† We always found problems on their accomplishment in the service, something that is a characteristic in the low-cost model, but in order to deliver or establish correctly is a consequence that is important to be able to tolerate. These characteristics are the use of the fuel in the limits of the law (this involves some troubles with the emergency landing because of any unexpected situation in the fly), the higher price they charge if people wants what they consider additional (like luggage checking), and sometimes the total price might be even higher than the ones offered by companies that don’t adopt the low-cost model. But in general terms, the company doesn’t accumulate too many bad critics. Maybe this model is currently not as good as it might be. It definitely could be served in a better way but, in the moments we live today, the price is a primary detail for the decision process of the consumer. Talking about their positive criticism, the company has a lot of good reviews when they involve the project that is being planed for the future, as a company with a balance well structured, a better way of delivering and managing their resources, etc. Sometimes it also reaches some statistics that might be a little surprising, as it is their profitability in Spain, considering the relation between the total profit they had, and the number of airplanes in their float. Something that is not easy to imagine considering that their competitor Ryanair is the fourth in this list, even underneath Vueling. †¢ â€Å"easyJet beats expectations† †¢ EasyJet Corporate results †¢ â€Å"Iberia, Air Europa y Air Berlin: top 3 en facturacion por avion† 6. After this research propose an action to increase sales. You need to justify your proposal. As weve seen thru the analysis of the EasyJet business model, the main target to which the company aims to is a youthful an easygoing costumer that seeks to have a fun time but is not willing to spend a lot of money in order to cover its travel expenses. We have also seen that the main problems that EasyJet (as plenty of the low-cost airlines) faces have to do with the public perception of low-cost model. As word of mouth tells us, EasyJet is grouped with a couple of airlines that are perceived as being a â€Å"necessary evil†. As such, a big amount of costumers trend to require EasyJet services with the resignation of having to deal with all the inconveniences that traveling with these kind of companies supposes. In order to identify these perceived inconveniences, we have to rely on the commentaries that the users emit. Costumers opinion is one of the most valuable set of information that companies tan have, so the first thing we would recommend, in a plan that aims to improve costumers perception of EasyJets traveling service, to create an easy communication channel that allows users to report on the service. These reports can be recompensed with discounts on beverages, food and luggage checking. This wouldn’t just be a way to assemble a better data bank, as it can also be a way to engage the costumer in a direct relationship with EasyJets brand. By using the information we have already gathered so far, we are able to say that the main issue costumers report is the bad experience that traveling in low-cost airlines supposes. This particular problem is hard to deal with, since the uncomfortable situation that EasyJets users tell us about in their comments are due to some of the basic characteristics that makes the low-cost model a successful one. This problem turns into a worst one when it comes to the particular case of the company that interests us, because of it being a solid company in financial terms. Therefore, efforts should be made in order to improve user experience of the service wile retaining the elements that make it a successful business. Some general practices are easy to deal with. One good practice that weve seen being performed by rivaling companies with a similar business model is relying on the crew to create a fun experience by original ways of delivering the classical features of the service. One example of this is delivering safety instructions in the form of a rap. This has been done by companies in the U. S market and it enables costumers to get a brief distraction from the regular stress that traveling imposes on us. One possible variation of this is to deliver safety instructions with a choreography performed by the crew. Both of these practices are a tiny step that, grouped with actions training that helps EasyJets crew deliver better costumer attention, can make a difference on the perception that consumers have of this brand. This is not only due to the word of mouth, but also to the constant flow of free advertising that might be delivered trough social networks such as YouTube, Facebook or Instagram, in which users can upload images of the performances EasyJet delivers. Another good action, to continue in line with these enhancements, might be seasonal campaigns in the form of happenings that can be conformed into viral advertising. One example of this was delivered by the now defunct spanish company Spanair. In a winter flight, the airline had a crew member announce to all the children that were in that flight that Santa had made a visit to the plane and left a couple of messages to them, as well as gifts. The video made for this campaign went viral on networks such as YouTube, giving the brand a presence on the web and also giving a great image of its services. This particular campaign, of course, doesn’t have to be replicated, given that EasyJet’s main costumer profile is young singles and couples without children. Therefore, the model should be adapted to adjust to the sort of clients that a low-cost airline is interested in, but by giving these performances a regular presence and attaching them to the services they provide, their public image might be enhanced. With small actions like these, an already great company might be turned into an even better one with fairly small investment and little to non modification of its business model. Maintaining Internet as their main advertising medium and using it in order to gain better public perception can turn into a successful move by EasyJet. Videos: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=TTsieCm8n8M http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Lqh8e2KYIrU http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=DYA_ivyj3kE

Telecommunication Net Neutrality

Question: Describe about the Net Neutrality? Answer: Executive Summary This assignment reflects the idea of net neutrality in these modern days. However, this study reflects that net neutrality is the major trend in these days of telecommunication industry. Several policy and issues that relates with the net neutrality has been introduce in this assignment that correlates with the social contexts of the policy of telecommunication industry. However, this study also represent the current overview of the net neutrality in India. Through the assignment, analysts describes the complexities of the net neutrality in the world and provides a special reference of India for understanding the complexities of net neutrality in India. The main reason of increasing net neutrality is the increase number of facilities that provided the network service providers to the users. Majority of network service providers in this world does not blocked the third parties activity over calling the IP in the internet connection. After launching the internet in the world since 1980 s, the internet service providers still not integrated any specialization or legal rules for use of internet by the third parties. This is the key reason of increasing net neutrality in the World. From the point of view of India, net neutrality is the current as well as major challenges because TRAI (Telecommunication Regulatory Authentication of India) is still unable to implement appropriate rules and regulations including some valuable principle in terms of providing fare and clear internet service. Several policies have been described that firmly relates with the net neutrality such as policy regarding internet access, internet marketing voluntary, flaws of network, etc. Introduction Powell Cooper (2011) presumed that internet neutrality is one of the most technical sounding phrase as well as terrible sounding phrase within the telecommunication environment. However, Coucheney, Maille Tuffin (2013) opined that net neutrality is the idea of understanding the working procedure of telephone lines that start to work since 20th century. From the point of view of telephone communication line, the service providers of telephone lines such as Airtel, Vodafone, BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, etc allows the user in dialling and connecting to others over internet. This type of principle is known as the net neutrality. The traffics that passes within the servers are never controlled by the Internet Service Providers. During the time of web surfing over internet when the web user used internet, they gets some speed. However, the data route in the internet remain theoretically same especially when the web user use YouTube and Facebook. Without any interference from the Internet Servi ce Providers, users are not allowed to access any legal websites or the web service in internet. Caves (2012) argued that user can access the legal websites or the legal web service over internet with the permission of internet service providers. The service providers of the telecommunication service in this world never blocked the identity of the other parties over calling and also never delay the connection for one particular number. However, Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo (2011) cited that the telephone communication service providers delay or block the third partys phone number when it was forced by law. In the world, there were most f the countries such as Australia, United State of America, Europe, China, etc have set several rules for the telecommunication service providers regarding their service when it is provided an unrestricted and unfiltered phone service. During the time of 1980s or 1990s, when the internet was first launched, there were not any particular rules or regulations by the government in terms of providing services to the user. Therefore, the Internet Service Providers (ISP) did not follow any rules or regulations. However, there are telecom operators that were also Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Therefore, majority of telecom operators maintain some principles in terms of providing service to the user (Guo, Cheng Bandyopadhyay, 2013). 2. Concept of Net Neutrality survive Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo (2011) cited that net neutrality is the concept of agreement of the men. The net neutrality is survived since few years before because majority of the internet users used internet from last 30 years. In past years, use of internet was minor. As the technology change rapidly, the use of internet increase largely. Therefore, introduction of smart phone in the community increase the use of internet widely. In these modern days, information technology grows higher and higher. Therefore use of internet is one of the major and integral part of the community. The Internet Service Providers in the world tries to make a power of shape as well as tries to control the traffic over internet according to the usage of the net by the user (Guo, Cheng Bandyopadhyay, 2013). Apart from that, the Internet Service Providers provides several ways that allows the user in keeping alive the net neutrality. From the internet traffic, the consumers of the internet users demands for the hands off approach in terms of continuing the Internet Service Providers. The Internet Service Providers allows the user in taking the proactive approach of there is any violation of the net neutrality. The users of the internet are also allowed in registering their displeasure to the feedback form of Internet Service Provider. According to the uphold of the net neutrality, the user also rewarded the Internet Service Providers. However, in order to create better bonding with the consumer, the telecommunication partner TRAI (Telecom Authority of India) makes several rules and regulations that are clear and precise rules in terms of protecting the net neutrality. According to the commissioner of Telecom Regulatory Authority in India, TRAI started on working to review the information regarding Internet Service Providers controls the entire traffic that flows over the internet. TRAI provides their best effort in terms of regulating the process of controlling traffic over internet. Through forming rules and set of clear overview, TRAI make the internet open and user-friendly. It allows TRAI in protecting the net neutrality. In early days, the user of internet was small. Therefore, TRAI was able to set the rule easily and track information from the internet traffic. Therefore, they faces many difficulties in terms of changing the system because now the user of internet is more than $800 billion. 3. State of Net Neutrality in India In India, the concept of net neutrality does not exists. According to the director of Centre for Internet and Society in Bangalore namely Sunil Abraham, TRAI still tries to develop some rules and regulation in terms of maintaining the net neutrality in India. For instance, in 2006, the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India invited the concepts of the net neutrality fro, the stakeholder and industrys perspective. However, it has been seen that, there were not any formal set of rules or regulations that formed for the enforcing as well as upholding net neutrality. On the other hand, Coucheney, Maille Tuffin (2013) argued that the Internet Servce providers in India such as Airtel, BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, Tata DOCOMO, Vodafone, Aircel, Idea, etc are mostly adhere to the net neutrality from the point of view of set of principle. Majority of the Internet Service Providers in India ignored the net neutrality. Crocioni (2011) opined that usage of data traffic is increased higher and higher as well as exponentially of TSPs. Therefore, increase of internet develops several issues from the point of view of internet access. In present scenario, it has been identified that people or the web user demand for the free and open access service in Internet. Firth Pierson (2011) argued that, majority of web user demands for the free access service over internet without any restrictions. It has majorly increased due to the preliminary advocates if different types of Application Service Providers availability in Internet. In order to ensure the open internet acce ss, the internet operator has to build the several regulatory such as Act for free usage, develop situation as well as employ various strategies that helps in dealing with the issues of Over the Top services. 4. Present Scenario of Net Neutrality 4.1 Policies on Net Neutrality According to the directors of TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India), the internet service providers have not to provide any licence fees till October, 2003. Therefore, from the 1st November 2003, the Internet Service Providers has to token a license fee that was costly Rs. 1 per annum that was payable to W. E. F. In India, there is not any restriction on providing number of service to the user in all three categories of internet service areas such as A, B and C. According to the review report of Groh (2012), there are more than 390 Internet Service Provider licensees out of 135 ISPs in India. Guo, Cheng Bandyopadhyay (2012) cited that in India, there are majority of ISPs operate multiple service except Vodafone. According to the review report of 2010, there were more than 12 million internet user within al part of India. The use of internet was increased after launching the mobile phone in India in 2002 (Owen, 2015). Therefore, more than 20 Internet Service Providers created the subscribers in India that are more than 97% of the subscribers. During that time, only 2% subscribers were created by the other Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in India. Majority of internet subscribers were created by the Airtel in the telecom market in India. The board of Telecom Regulatory Authority in India, provided 128 Internet Service Provider licenses in terms of service internet telephony (Greenstein, 2006). However, only 32 ISP have started to provide service of internet telephony in the telecom industry in India. Moreover, the consultation report of Telecom Regulatory Authority in India reported more than 72 millions Minutes of Usage on the internet telephony. The major telecom partner in India such as Vodafone, Airtel, Uninor, Aircel, Idea, etc accounted 95% of Minutes of Usage in Indian telecom Industry (Bourrea, 2015). From this report, it has been understand that, few of the licenses contributed their service to the Internet Services. According to the released r eport of Telecom Regulatory Authority in India, it has been understand that majority of Internet Service Providers has more than 12 subscribers in India. This description also supported by the Indian Telecom Service Performance Indicator Report. In India, the stand alone Internet Service Providers is only provide the plain Internet Access services such as Internet Lease Line, Internet Broadband Service, Dialup Internet, etc. Coucheney, Maille Tuffin (2013) argued that more than 65% user in India that subscribe internet are still use dialup internet access. Through the use of node in network, the web user in India accesses internet from the Internet Service Providers. In India, the user has not to pay any charges for rules or regulation maintenance (Owen, 2015). They have to pay only for the usage of Internet from Internet Service providers (Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo, 2011). However, recently majority of Internet Service Providers charges extra payment for the rules and regulation maintenance that known as the tax of internet usage (Trai.gov.in, 2015). The network system of the internet are set in a way that charge of the internet are paid directly to the internet service providers. Apart from that, the charge of internet us age especially the minutes of the internet usage for the most of dialup internet connections are low in India rather than other countries in the world such as United State of America, United Kingdom, etc. Bourrea (2015) opined that the charge of dialup internet usage in the internet network is marginally low rather than the other countries because majority if user in India used Broadband Service. 4.2 Transparency Obligations In India, the chares of broadband service is comparatively low rather than other countries throughout the world. The internet user in India that demands for higher internet usage pattern preferably shifted to the broadband service rather than using dialup network connection. The Internet Service Providers has not the last mile access in India. Therefore, there are many Internet Service providers that lay their own network in several part in India in terms of providing broadband internet service. This is the main reason of internet charges become high in India. Apart from that, as the ISPs laying their own network in several part for providing broadband service, there is not any viable for the small ISPs. In India, the ISPs has limited penetrations. However, the director of TRAI said that they provides the facility to the ISPs in terms of net neutrality that allows in establishing the last mile including optical fibre, radio signal technology, underground copper cable, etc (Coucheney, Maille Tuffin, 2013). Therefore, ISPS have to invest huge for this connection and they may adequate less return on investment. 4.3 Network Management Practices In the telecom industry in India, there are large number of internet service providers available with low scope because majority of them are affected as a license victim. In 2009, the Department of Telecommunication (DOT) set some reasonable and unreasonable practices through explaining the way of several techniques that considers the degradation or blockage in terms of congestion reduction within a particular traffic such as Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Apart from that, DOT also provides the information that equivalent to the consumption or the QoS (Quality of Service) (Trai.gov.in, 2015). Moreover, based on the content of the internet usage, DOT also set the practices of management in terms of justifying the harm of the user in internet networks (Owen, 2015). Blockage or the blocking rules of Department of Telecommunication helps in demonstrating the specific service that falls under the group of traffic degradation. For instance, Department of Telecommunication has flagged the issues regarding misuse of Internet Service Provider license (Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo, 2011). Moreover, the complicated business model of the Department of Telecommunication allows in identifying the intensity that meet with the need for in-depth discussion such as large number of licences that considers the limited subscribers as well as virtually contributed in the growth rate of internet. According to the recommendation of the spectrum allocation that government has been requested for allocating more than 200 MHz with the spectrum rate in 3.2 to 3.4. On the other hand, Hart (2011) presumed that differentiation of services was legitimate for commercial choice that undertake on seeking in terms of making the service of internet usage more interactive as well as attractive rather than the available competitor in India. Apart from that, the differentiation in Internet Service usage is allowed the ISPs in increasing customer service regarding the choice and welfare of the consumer (Ly, MacDonald Toze, 2012). Moreover, the positive differentiation such as out of cap delivery, higher priority, etc generated benefits for the specific ISPs that concern around the same condition regarding delivery of favourable content (Fas.org, 2015). For example, in present environment of internet industry in India considers the high Capex requirement, limited ability of spectrum that allows the ISPs in building the networks in low rate and make high return of investment (Trai.gov.in, 2015). It can also helps in mitigating the problem regarding broadban d connections. The region of Bangalore and Delhi is provision on the net neutrality demand throughout the India that an Internet Service Provider (Electronic Communication Providers) does not make any traffic discrimination as well as also never make the negative or the positive differentiation in Internet Usage. In terms of ensuring the adequate service characteristics in the internet network that make the case specialised service for the Internet Service Providers. Majority of the Internet Service providers in India collaborate with each other and use the laying fibre optical for providing broadband service to the user (Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo, 2011). It allows them in maintaining low cost in their service and achieves great return on investment. In terms of implementing the proper ad specific business models within the telecom industry in India, the ISPs pleasures the place properly for understanding the use of internet. It assists the organisation in understanding as well as building the specialised services with the net neutrality from the point of view of data volume pricing (Ly, MacDonald Toze, 2012). For example, Airtel operators launched the new 4G LTE internet access facilities within the all metro cities in India through understanding the requirement and demand of high speed int ernet for daily usage. Apart from that, the net neutrality in India offers specialized services that differ from the service of internet access that generally guaranteed about the quality of service (Trai.gov.in, 2015). The Internet Service Providers provides the specific content to the web user. The most frequent applications that offered by the operators in India are Voice Over Internet Protocol such as WhatsApp calling, face book calling, we chat calling, etc, IP Television such as watching movie online, access of special episode link or online music, etc and Video on Demand such as video on Internet like YouTube, etc. Hartman (2012) argued that access of specialised service in the internet some time slow the internet connection because it share wide range of access resources such as unutilized the static and dynamic capacity regarding allocation. However, in India, it has been seen that only 15 percent of the operators are cover the speed and maintain the speed in internet acces s and majority of operators unable to manage the networks the specialized service. For example, when the user used dial up connection and watching video online, the surfing speed of the internet are always slow down (Fas.org, 2015). It demonstrates the bandwidth rates of the operators are not as much as required for watching video online. In major cases, web user finds problem such as buffering during the online watching of movie or new released video (Coucheney, Maille Tuffin, 2013). 4.4 Description of policy Scenarios of Net Neutrality The net neutrality in India has several trends such as ban on traffic through law or the voluntary, development of minimum Quality of Service, designing of specialized service, etc. in the India, there is available several technologies that user friendly and make capable in improving the voice quality over internet (Coucheney, Maille Tuffin, 2013). Apart from that, the technologies are also allows the operates in providing high quality service with restriction of ISPs that rise in the gray market in India. Moreover, the use of internet is increased and the calling facilities of different application that works in internet usage such as Facebook calling, WhatsApp Calling, etc because the internet telephony is much lower regarding costs rather than the voice call (Cheng, Bandyopadhyay Guo, 2011). Apart from that, internet telephony provides the comparable speech quality. However, majority of internet subscribers are encouraged the use of internet telephony though it is not legally pe rmitted in India. Policy Scenario 1: The policy scenario 1 is related to the market especially gray market in India. In the Indian gray market, there are several users that frequently access internet through the available devices such as smart phone, computers, tablets, etc. In the gray market in India the calling function in internet that called the internet telephony illegally to PSTN abroad. In the Indian gray market, the user is allowed to connect regular telephone instrument in terms of calling to others over a broadband internet connection through the set of adopter that provided by the foreign companies such as D-Link, Betel, Siemens, etc (Ly, MacDonald Toze, 2012). In order to make the call or receive the call, users have to use these technologies. The adopters that used in order to make the internet telephony converts the voice into data and sending it to the other parties through the internet using the voice over internet protocol (Zelnick Zelnick, 2013). In India, the license conditions a llow in permitting using the Internet Protocol based on H. 323/SIP Terminals. This terminal are same for both the India and other countries in the world. Apart from that, in order to mitigate the problems of illegal use of internet service, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India intimated the Department of Technology (DOT) (Werkmeister, Post Becker, 2014). It helps in tracking the illegal use of internet IP through addressing scheme namely IANA. Policy Scenario 2: This is referred to the code of conduct that considers the marketing voluntary in the internet or telecom industry in India. In India, the internet service providers maintain high standards and enunciate of professional and ethical practices within the environment of internet services (Voss Musall, 2011). The Internet Service Provider Association of India and the members of the organisation took the responsibilities of adhering the law and co-operate with the enforcement of law agencies that act with the specified Indian Legal Framework. Apart from that, The member of ISPAI helps in never engaging the internet user within illegal activity according to the Information Technology Act 2000 (Verma, 2011). This policy provides in applying the legal framework for the internet user. Moreover, in terms of using the internet service in India, the user have to maintain or follow the jurisdictional and adhere laws that pertaining with the transaction reporting (Trak.in - Ind ian Business of Technology, Mobile Startups, 2015). Apart from that, according to the Information technology Act 2000, the members of internet users and the promotional services area may encourage anything with the penalty because this is an way of awfulness. The members of the ISPAI is also follow their duty proper in terms of harmony the professionals and public according to the legitimate of interest and right Public Service Initiatives that provides the service (Fas.org, 2015). For provision of internet service, the internet users have to abide the terms of conditions of the legal licences agreement for the letter spirit (Shin Han, 2012). The members of the internet service providers has to make code of conduct that will be clear with the clients in terms of providing the distributors or the channel partners in terms of breaching code of conduct. Apart from that, violation of law also has to be involved within the internet service providing operators. 5.0 Net Neutrality Flaws Hazlett (2011) cited that the rules and regulations of net neutrality in India is illegal. In India, the broadband service providers offer people that willing to pay extra for the usage rate of the internet service. Apart from that, Ho Yul Chung Mukharjee (2012) cited that it is fare and legal from the point of view of rules and regulation of the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India. It helps in ensuring that each and everything has fare share of the bandwidth. However, in major cases it has been seen that majority of the network service providers provides service without pay extra for the usage rate of internet. That is totally crime in perspective of internet use. On, Hootma, (2013) argued that fast lane service can allows in saving the life of the people. For example, telemedicine is one of the most use in the environment of health care service. In these modern days, the surgeon often use the risk remote surgery in terms of treating patient in a better and more comfortable way t hrough video streaming. Development of reasonable pricing system, regulation affected greatly within the welfare of the economy (Read, 2012). Apart from that, most important method that affected the net neutrality in India is the politics. Politics created great effect on every aspects of the India. In this typical culture, it has been too much tough in developing the reasonable pricing system. It greatly affected to the welfare of the economy (Fas.org, 2015). Therefore, government of the India has to set rules and regulations for their homogenous resources such as natural gases according to their categories (Raabe, 2011). The pricing mechanism is also one of the tough situation in India. It has been very hard to imagine the complex situation of mechanism of pricing regarding internet usage. Within the environment of Internet usage, wide range of broadband technologies are available that considers the wide range of broadband service for the web user in India. The main debated that identified within the India is the price of the service of net regulatory. In India, there are majorly seen that people usage internet without paying fare to the company. Therefore, it is more reasonable that government of the India has to set rules and regulation with the help of Telecom regulatory Authority in India in terms of making standardized pricing of the broadband service. Jain Kannan (2012) acknowledged the several issues that relates with the net neutrality in India. For example, the Wallsten and Hahn used the natural gas price was divided into five tires. Each of the prices was divided into different segment such as one tier sold the gas, one tier sold the price that depend on the base of the gas. However, according to the Natural Policy Gas Act 1978, there were more that 25 categories form the point of view of gas pricing. In India, the largest search engine Google provides the free Wi-Fi internet in terms of powered their advertisement through in ternet usage. However, majority of internet user used the free internet service for accessing free site in internet rather than searching the ads page of Google. Apart from that, Internet telephony services are not properly licences within India. Moreover, the internet service providers in India are also not paying any revenue share to the government that causes the loss revenue for the countrys economy. Apart from that, lawful inspection such as verification of users, traffic control over network, etc are also not properly maintained within India. Joch (2009) assumed that it is one of the big challenges as well as difficult tasks in India due to extreme use of illegal work. The main issues of illegal work in India comes from the internet service providers. The operators of the Internet service providers detent for illegal work. According to Jordan (2011), majority of person in India tries to use the most cheaper and user friendly network service that provides them higher facilities. In terms of accessing cheaper service, they are willing to illegal work. The Telecom firms in India and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India are much affected by the players of Over the Top that played the important role on conducting rules and regulations for the Internet Service usage by the users (Publishing, 2013). The fear of the TRAI and most internet operations ate survival and existence because of mere revenue. According to the review report of TRAI, more than 214 billion international calls were made in the year of 2013 in India. Therefore, it took the 40% of global calls market in telecom industry. It causes huge revenue losses for the Network Operators in India. The director of the TRAI said that the OTT services innovate their services regularly. Therefore, customers got the full hd video calling service in free of cist just only pay for internet usage. Moreover, the quality of calling through Google voice service and Skype is improving rapidly. The quality of calling service of Skype is more reliable of Skype rather than earlier. It matches with the circuit switches call (Coucheney, Maille Tuffin, 2013). As the people demand for cheaper service in India, internet telephony service is widely used (Publishing, 2013). According to the management staffs of the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India, the services of Over the Top is singly covers the much revenue in the telecom industry usin g their easy and reliable platform (Powell Cooper, 2011). Therefore, TRAI now tries to implement the regulation over the services of OTT in order to increase revenue from the telecommunication industry. Due to excessive use of Internet, the TSPs have to concern more in order to remove the issues or challenges regarding difficulties of congestion and bandwidth. According to the review report, only 10% internet user consumed more than 90% bandwidth of the network operators. The mobile users are come from the point of view of consume in the Internet service. Apart from that, the uses of online movie or watching serials in Internet are become more popular in India. It gathers huge traffic on the network. For example, more than 60% bandwidth were consumed due to use of video streaming service in India. Therefore, skewed condition is compiled by the TSPs in terms of dividing the business models as well as various strategies that firmly relates with the capability and capacity issues rega rding internet usage (Coucheney, Maille Tuffin, 2013). Kgler Kruse (2011) acknowledged that openness is the guiding principle of the Internet. This is the key concept of growth of internet use in these modern days. The internet service providers or the developers of the internet web pages achieve higher success through innovating the several operations in internet. Moreover, Krmer, Wiewiorra Weinhardt (2013) cited that in the Internet area if the in business organisation develop their own portal and introduce the online business in the market, they are able to achieve higher success and large customer base. 6. Options for departure from the Net Neutrality In order to avoid the Net Neutrality in India, the web user has to maintain the decision that provided by the TRAI. In the telecommunication industry, TSPs helps in discriminating the certain types of political opinions and content. This can allows in hurting this kind of policies through diminishing the innovations in the complementary sector such as content dissemination, computer applications development, etc. The discriminate of pricing proposals have to be build through variety of ways that brings the significant of anti competitive in telecommunication industry (McKee, 2011). If the network access left unrestrained by the rules and regulations, need to provides services through providing incentives regarding content applications that available free in internet resources. According to Lipschultz (2012) mandating net neutrality will be the appropriate or suitable way regarding inconsistency with the sound economic management within the environment of internet. Innovation in applications development will be the better way of achieving the innovative respond towards price signals from the view point of platforms service providers such as producers of broadband services. It can allows in taking into account the potential congestions costs regarding applications of bandwidth intensive. In certain sector, there have to be fast line internet. It can helps the content providers in enabling the quality in terms of ensuring priority of delivering content such as telemedicine. Moreover, Long live net neutrality (2015) opined that building blocks or developing rules and regulation regarding the Net Neutrality will be effective way of imposing in these modern days usage rate of data traffic. TRAI has to set the priority for the Internet service Operators in terms of increasing the cost of the internet usage. Apart from that, TRAI has to set rules and regulations for advertising through internet in India. Caps will be the better process of earning through advertising and implement strongest advocates for the net neutrality. Moreover, Ly, MacDonald Toze (2012) argued that if any TRP threaten by the Google or Amazon from the point of view of charge, need to withdraw the service from that TSP. It will be the exact methodology for maintaining regulatory in India (Marsden, 2010). Moreover, the Internet Operators have to maintain proper pricing structures that allows in increasing earning because proper structure helps in handling properly to the hungry internet u ser through motivating them for charged for extra usage. Conclusion This study analysed the current situation of Net Neutrality in India. The analyst described that in India, the network providers such as Airtel, BSNL, Vodafone, etc used their best endeavours that help in preserving the neutral and open character of the internet. For example, in India the spectrum of wireless broadband service is he limited service providers. 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