Search for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes Essay

Search for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequences suffered by the Negro who is forced to play an inferior role, 1 the latter relates to the low self-estimate, feeling of helplessness and basic identity conflict. Thus, in some form or the other, every Negro American is confronted with the†¦show more content†¦His own life influenced his art. Being born in a Negro family and at a time of racial discrimination from his early childhood, he had to bear the ruthless behaviour of the whites. So, from the very beginning of his life he faced many problems viz., racial discrimination, lack o f identity in the society and no actual or practical freedom of blacks etc. All this put a remarkable impact on his mind, on his soul and made him a poet of blacks. A great votary of black art, Hughes inaugurated a distinct movement of negritude which may be regarded as the soul of Harlem. Rising from his consciousness of the colour of his skin and passing through various stages of identification with people and territory of Africa and finally grounding it in the American Past, negritude in the poetry of Hughes evolves into a definite and enduring concept expressive of definite vision.6 But he doesnt suffer from what W.E.B. DuBois terms as double consciousness - two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body.7 Langston Hughes in his essay on The Negro Artist andShow MoreRelatedThe Black Man and Langston Hughes1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe term identity is defined by Webster’s dictionary as being â€Å"the state or fact of remaining the same one or ones, as under varying aspects or conditions† however in exploring the concept of Identity in black literature, we can find no definite explanation or definition. We can try to accept that it has been rooted in social situations that are generally more discriminatory, such the institution of slavery. In some way shape or form, the average or normal African American is confronted with theRead MoreThesis: Langston Hughes and the Blues1812 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Research Outline I . Introduction Thesis Langston Hughs viewed the music of the blues and poetry as kindred forces that propelled the downtrodden blacks of the 1920s and 1930s toward a better day. II. Paragraph Two develop metaphor between constancy of blues music and ocean waves in live of black people. Quote blues poems: Weary Blues, Po Boy Blues, Homesick Blues. Relationship between the listener (the poet) and the blues musician, each coming to the same place night after night Read More`` True Freedom `` By Langston Hughes1163 Words   |  5 Pagesstanding up for beliefs. Langston Hughes, an American poet known for his writing during the Harlem Renaissance period said, â€Å"In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing.† (citation). As a young African American man, Hughes faced man obstacles, but writing gave him a sense of freedom of expression. His poetry reached people of various social, cultural, and racial backgrounds. Hughes’ poetry has timeless themes thatRead MoreIdentity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes2807 Words   |  12 PagesSearch for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequencesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, drama, and music also played a role in the development of the new, urban African-American identity. Urbanization and population migration prompted large numbers of blacks to move away from the Jim Crow south, where slaveryRead More With Reference To At Least Four Different Poems, Explore How Cultural1442 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Poems, Explore How Cultural Identity Is Represented By The Various Poets The four poems I have selected to focus on all portray a cultural identity in their own unique way. Wherever I hang and The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping, are both written by Grace Nichols, a poet of Guinean background. I have also chosen to explore Dream Variation by Langston Hughes as well as Half-Caste by John Agard. I have chosen this selection of poetry because I feel that each poem has greatRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Important Period Of History958 Words   |  4 Pagesmusicians include, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Billie Holiday. It also brought in new poetry. Some famous poets include Langston Hughes, Claude Mckay, and Countee Cullen. Please consider adding the poems â€Å"I too†, â€Å"After the Winter†, and â€Å"Let America Be America Again† and a history of the Harlem Renaissance as an exhibit in your museum. The first poem you should include is â€Å"I, Too† by Langston Hughes. This poem is about a â€Å"dark brother† or a black man who was sent to eat in the kitchen. AndRead MoreEssay on The Poetry in Harlem Renaissance1981 Words   |  8 PagesBlues and Jazz were the only musical influences that impacted the Harlem Renaissance. Indeed, with the pursuit for heritage and identity, many aspects of African culture influenced Renaissance poetry musically. However, focus also needs to be placed on more controversial topics, such as religion and gender, as poets challenged oppression. When discussing the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, due to the strength of their relationship, one must look at Blues and Jazz. Many viewed this genre asRead MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 Pagesthe fight against racism. One man used his art and the power of words to bring forth the issues of injustice suffered in America, he was Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes was a Negro Writer, born at the turn of the century in 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His ancestry included three major race groups, however, he lived and was identified as a Negro or Colored (Hughes referred to himself as colored or Negro, because those were the terms used to refer to African-Americans in this era). He spent mostRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Poetry1097 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressing through the 1920s and 30s, a section of New York City called Harlem began to be the center of a group of talented African American artists, composers, poets, and dancers. This period of time, wit h all the literary works, music, art, and poetry coming out of the Black experience, was called the New Negro Renaissance, or the Harlem Renaissance. This was a time just after World War I when there was again hope hope that Whites and Blacks could coexist and appreciate the gifts each had to give

The Transition From A Nursing - 1536 Words

In most departments of nursing, the transition from a nursing student to an employed or working nursing is always a challenging experience for many nursing students. Most graduates are ineffectually oriented to the nursing working environment. Generally, new nurses are not given an environment that is supportive for them to practice what they learnt during their training as nurses, regularly, the expectations they encounter are unrealistic. As a result of this, mentorship strategies have been introduced by managers to ensure an easier transition into the working environment, this helps the new nurses to adjust quickly and be able to share their challenges with their mentors, who help them on how to face and conquer the challenges. During the orientation, the mentors help the new nurses to shift from the behaviors they had as nursing students to the new cultures of the working environment of nurses; this incorporates socialization into the orientation process, where the new nurses are able to absorb, adjust, and adopt the culture, the language, and rules in the environment of work. After a successful orientation, those who are able to adjust and cope with the work under the rules provided are able to be taken in as part of the staff members. The managers ensure that all the graduates are given the best orientation in order to be able to pick the best to be part of the nursing staff in the department. The staffing of nurses by the majors is mainly done based on the number ofShow MoreRelatedDeveloping A Curriculum Design That Promotes The Transition Of Nursing Students From An Associate Degree Nurse ( Bsn )1145 Words   |  5 PagesA1. There are many challenges when developing a curriculum design that promotes the transition of nursing students from an associate degree nurse (ADN) to baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN). Faculty must recognize the importance of creating strategies needed to keep the ADN students abreast of new developments in the curriculum. It is beneficial to conduct monthly informational town hall meetings that will keep the ADN students up-to-date on scheduled meetings in order to promote a high level of participationRead MoreTransition in the Nursing Profession Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesExtensive use of the word transition in nursing literature signals that it is a significant concept (Ralik, Visentin, Van Loon, 2006). It is essential for nurses to possess knowledge and understanding of transition. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive examination and explore the definitions and key elements of the concept of transition and show how gaining knowledge of transition can posit ively impact client care and the nursing profession. Understanding transition will help improve clientRead MoreComparison Between Nursing And Nursing Theories1632 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of nursing theories Introduction The nursing profession entails core values and commonalities that link those in the profession. A comprehensive study of the literature identifies key components of the profession as the provision of technical care, defending the vulnerable, taking care of the ill, as well as establishing systems for the delivery of care. Different models have been developed which describes and guides the nursing profession. The two nursing theories: the Theory of Nursing as CaringRead MoreTransitions Theory : Application Of Transitional Care Programs850 Words   |  4 PagesTransitions Theory: Application in Transitional Care It is estimated that 750,000 children with special health care needs (CSHCN) transition from pediatric to adult care in the United States every year (Scal Ireland, 2005). Furthermore, approximately 18.4% of American adolescents have a special health care need (McManus et al., 2013). Often CSHCN have poor health outcomes when they move to adult care including decreased disease specific outcomes, decreased medication compliance, decreased followRead MoreTransition From A Student Nurse Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesTransition from Student to Nurse A number of emotions were felt during this experience, in regards to transitioning from a student nurse to the registered nurse role. Primarily, the transition in role from student nurse to registered nurse was similar to any clinical experience I have had at Midlands Technical College. I was placed in a medical-surgical rotation. I felt slighted that not only were we required to complete a data tool but we also participated in the teamwork model demonstrated inRead MoreTransition For Community Health Nursing960 Words   |  4 PagesJournal Article Summary: Transition to Community Health Nursing The nursing profession offers an unlimited number of specialties and clinical areas for practice and employment focus. Nursing practice includes; surgery, labor and delivery, telemetry, intensive care unit, and even community nursing care. Furthermore, nurses can explore various degrees, ADN (associated in nursing diploma), baccalaureate nursing (BSN), and even nurse practitioner (NP) covering all areas of the healthcare spectrum. However;Read MoreRole Transition from Licensed Practical Nurse to Registered Nurse632 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Role Transition from Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) to Registered Nurse (RN) Objective The objective of this study is to examine the role transition from Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) to Registered Nurse (RN). Introduction The Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) role is much the same as the role of the Registered Nurse (RN) however; there are differences in the roles and the level of responsibilities of the LPN and RN. The work of Stedman (2007) entitled Making it Happen: The LPN to RN TransitionRead MoreClayton States School of Nursing Program1028 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing is a profession that requires a unique skill set. A few of the traits include compassion, understanding and empathy. Clayton State University has a goal to produce competent, compassionate, professional nurses with communication and technical skills. Clayton State’s School of Nursing has outlined nine program outcomes or concepts that are part of the Conceptual Curriculum Model. These concepts include caring, communication, critical thinking, human diversity, informatics, interdisciplinaryRead MoreTransition Theory Of The Nursing Practice1445 Words   |  6 PagesTransition theory is one of the most applied theories in the nursing practice. In fact, whether or not nurses are aware of this theory, it is often used in the nursing practice because nursing is all about helping people that are going through changes, whether they are physical changes like an illness or developmental transitions like the birth of a child. Meleis reiterates this point as he states â€Å"Nurses often are the primary caregivers of clients and their families who are undergoing transitionRead MoreNUR 3119 Professional Nursing: Concepts and Issues1018 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Paper # 1: Transitions Sergo Colin NUR 3119 Professional Nursing: Concepts and Issues My Models of Transition in Nursing The process of transitioning from one phase of life into another is one of the most emotionally complex changes a person can make. Whether this transition is personal or professional in nature, making major adjustments during the course of ones life can lead to an often overwhelming process of reflection, apprehension, and confusion. Psychologists and other researchers

Research Shared Activity for Tools and Methods - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch Shared Activity for Tools and Methods. Answer: Evaluating Research Tools and Methods The management research article chosen for critical evaluation of research tools and methods are The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors by Kehoe and Wright (2013). This activity elaborates analysis of primary and secondary methods undertaken in this research study. Analysis of Primary Research Methods According to Kehoe and Wright (2013), the primary research method employed is survey. For assessing affective commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour, Likert-scale survey was conducted. This method helped in the psychometric measurement of beliefs, opinions and attitudes of the employees (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson 2012). The employees were also asked to state the number of days they were not present in the last calendar year which is an open-ended question. It is analyzed that to answer this question, multiple choice questions could have been provided where participants could have provided a range of days such as 0, less than 5, less than 10 and so on. The data analyzed from the primary research methods proved strong support for Hypotheses 1, 2b and no support for Hypotheses 2c (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Analysis of Secondary Research Methods The secondary research methods employed in this research study are journal articles and academic books. Scholarly articles are advantageous as it stops substandard publications. The authors Kehoe and Wright (2013) have used the process of removing poor quality work thereby saving a lot of time and money. Kehoe and Wright (2013) have ensured that the researchers are acknowledged while using secondary data in literature review and other sections of the article. However, the peer-review process can be time consuming and may not be the best sources of secondary data. Moreover, Kehoe and Wright (2013) have not used magazines and newspaper articles for collecting data about performance of employees and human resource practices. Therefore, it may be analyzed that Kehoe and Wright (2013) have employed time-consuming research methods. Also, the references used are more than five years old that makes the data less reliable. Any reference taken for the secondary source must employ article that have been published in the last five years as it gives a recent scenario of the employment and human resource practices (Corbin, Strauss and Strauss 2014). Alternative Methodologies for Data Analysis Kehoe and Wright (2013) employed intraclass correlation coefficients such as means, standard deviations, intercorrelations and alphas. Although it may be easy to compute data through measures of dispersion, but it has certain disadvantages. The results obtained may be misinterpreted. Inappropriate results may be yielded as there are different methods of computing dispersion. It cannot give an idea about the symmetricity of data. Cronbachs alpha may be employed as an alternative way to measure the relationship between employee commitment and their organizational citizenship behaviour. To gather data for null and alternative hypotheses, Cronbachs alpha may be used as it helps in measuring internal consistency. The relationship between human resource practice and affective commitment can also be measured as Cronbachs alpha is a measure of scale reliability (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Alternative Methodologies for Data Collection As analyzed in this case, primary data is collected using self-administered surveys. Alternatively, Kehoe and Wright (2013) could employ other primary research methods such as questionnaire and focus groups. Kehoe and Wright (2013) could have conducted a detailed interview to analyze the link between human resource practices and affective commitment. It is also noted that Kehoe and Wright (2013) have employed scholarly articles and academic books for secondary data collection. Magazines, newspaper articles, government publications, annual reports and other sources could have also been used for the purpose of collecting data as they are less time-consuming and easily available (Corbin, Strauss and Strauss 2014). Part 2- Choosing Data Collection Tools and Methods Rationale of Chosen Methodology The research study shall be conducted using Causal Research approach. It is conducted to analyse the cause and effect relationship between two variables (Silverman 2014). The variables for this research are employee motivation and their retention. It shall also help understand effect of employee turnover on companys overall performance. It shall include both Quantitative and Qualitative research methodology. In order to understand the reason behind employee turnover and the effect of motivation on retaining them involves qualitative aspects such as previous researches and studies on the same topic and quantitative aspects such as employee turnover data and surveys conducted in the company (Blumberg, Copper and Schindler 2014). Types of Data Collection For conducting this research, data shall be collected through primary as well as secondary sources. The data through secondary sources shall be collected in the form of researches and theories conducted and established by scholars in the past few years. These shall help in understanding the existing literature of motivation and employee retention. Further, primary data shall be collected in the form of surveys and questionnaires. The survey shall be done through the existing reports of the company and interviewing the managers to understand the working and policies practiced by the company. The questionnaires shall be filled by the existing employees at all the levels to analyse the need and type of strategies that shall be formulated to improve employee retention in the company (Creswell 2014). Sampling Strategy To conduct this research, it would be appropriate to adapt the sampling technique of data collection. The appropriate sampling technique that shall be used to survey the employees would be Simple Random Sampling (SRS). In this technique, each employee has the equal chance of being the sample and shall be representative of the entire population. In this way, no important set of employees of any department shall be left as it is non-biased in nature. The result achieved shall be inclusive of the random people in the organization (Geuens and De Pelsmacker 2017). Research Method and Tools This research aims at finding relation between employee motivation and their retention. To conduct this research, the self-reporting questionnaire will be made, which would include quantitative aspects of the survey such as number of employees leaving in a month, number of leaves taken by employees etc. Likert scale shall be used as a psychometric scale that shall allow them to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. The results shall be analysed using SPSS software package to get comprehendible results. Similarly, questionnaire may be designed for the employees who shall be interviewed in person for 15 minutes each (Bryman and Bell 2015). Alternative Methods and Tools The alternative methods of conducting this research shall be to observe the overall environment in the organization. This would be a very long process and would need experts to observe the behaviour of various employees and analyse them without any bias. Another method of conducting this research would be through focus groups in which their opinions, beliefs and perceptions can be known. This would help probe into their minds and can help formulate better strategies to retain the employees (Kuznetsova et al. 2017). However, there is a possibility that the individuals may not be honest that may mislead the results (Babin and Zikmund 2016). Feedback to Two Colleagues Student 1 The student is conducting a research on how e-marketing helps companies in widening their market reach. The research aims at analysing the businesses of such pre and post they went online. There was also a comparison with the ones which arent present online yet. The student has not made provided clarity of research methodology that shall be chosen by him to conduct research. It is suggested to obtain financial data through reports and survey that can help in getting a clear picture of various e-platforms. The researcher shall also conduct descriptive research to analyse the growth rate of such firms (Blumberg, Copper and Schindler 2014). Student 2 The students research aims at analysing the how people in high-technology based organizations manage various projects. To conduct this research, I recommend conducting the secondary study prior to making observations and interviewing the employees at various levels. The researcher shall gain background knowledge of such companies and their workings (Zopiatis, Constanti and Theocharous 2014). Further it is advised to conduct qualitative research through open ended surveys, where employees can answer anonymously to get better results. Less expressive employees would also be able to answer questions and the result would be more representative of the entire organization in this manner (Bryman and Bell 2015). Ethical Concerns There are ethical concerns relating to primary and secondary data collection method. While conducting survey and questionnaire, it must be taken care that the participants participate of their own free will. Informed consent must be generated and they must have the liberty to withdraw from the survey at any time. Confidentiality of personal data must be maintained. Further, secondary data used for the purpose of research must be acknowledged. It must be safe from unauthorized access and destruction. The validity of the obtained data relies heavily on the ethical principles as the data shall be deemed invalid if data is obtained through unethical means (Corbin, Strauss and Strauss 2014). References Babin, B. and Zikmund, W., 2016. Exploring Marketing Research. 1st Ed. Boston, Ma: Cengage Learning,. Blumberg, B., Copper, D. and Schindler, P., 2014. Business Research Methods. 12th Ed. Europe: Mcgraw Hill Education. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business Research Methods. 1st Ed. Oxford (Uk): Oxford University Press. Creswell, J., 2014. Research Design. 1st Ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Geuens, M. and De Pelsmacker, P., 2017. Planning and Conducting Experimental Advertising Research and Questionnaire Design. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), Pp.83-100. Silverman, D., 2014. Introduction to Qualitative Research. 1st Ed. London: Sage Publications. Tripathy, J.P., 2013. Secondary data analysis: Ethical issues and challenges.Iranian journal of public health,42(12), p.1478. Easterby-Smith, M., R. Thorpe, and P. Jackson, (2012). Management Research. 4th ed. London: SAGE Publications. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Kuznetsova, N.V., Sinitsina, O.N., Gafurova, V.M., Pavluhina, M.V., Salyaeva, T.V. and Puzankova, E.A., 2017. Motivation as Factor of Improving Efficiency of Trade Company Operations.European Research Studies,20(2), p.319. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. and Theocharous, A.L., 2014. Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus.Tourism Management,41, pp.129-140. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. and Strauss, A.L., 2014.Basics of qualitative research. London: Sage.

The Dimensions of Total Quality Management in Business Firms

Introduction Total quality management (TQM) is a philosophical framework that involves constant control and improvement of the quality of products, services, and processes. Quality improvement concerns each person engaged into the development and consumption of products and services that a business firm offers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dimensions of Total Quality Management in Business Firms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TQM is premised on four major pillars – management, suppliers, workforce, suppliers, and customers. All these premises take control of supply and demand level, as well as customer satisfaction with products and services. The main task of an organization is either to meet or exceed consumer expectations. TQM involves nine major practices. These are cross-functional product design, information and feedback, process management, customer and employee involvement, supplier quality management, committed leadership, cross-functional planning, and strategic planning. All these dimensions are confined to proper human resource management, organizational learning and development, and readiness to introduce constant innovation and technological advancement. In addition, TQM is also connected with Six Sigma, a new concept that also involves both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of carrying steps of quality management. Thesis Statement Total quality management is a complex notion covering human, product, and technological process as the basic dimensions leading to constant improvement of the quality of services and products. Main discussion Human Dimension of Total Quality Management Quality management practices are applied in many business organizations because it contributes to the success and organizational performance. However, inappropriate implementation of strategies and resources can lead to failures in improving the quality of products and services be cause of a number of factors. The failures can be result of improper top management and leadership commitment, lack of employee involvement and underestimation of customer capacity in improving the quality. Committed Leadership Every top leadership and management will deal with implementing quality management strategies because it brings in greater benefits and profits. What is more important is that leaders of business organizations should express their full commitment and loyalty to each member of the employed environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The importance of leadership in an organization is especially emphasized because it influences the actual process of constant improvement and development. Samuel (2004) writes, â€Å"leadership is influencing the people so that all of them do the right things, the right way at the right time, willingly†¦so that the o rganization grows and the purpose is fulfilled† (p. 220). In contrast, the role of managers is to follow the procedures in a right way and adhere to the established standards. Their responsibilities do not go beyond the accepted norms. Hence, effective leadership should be influential for employees to adhere to behavioral patterns that leaders use. Leaders, therefore, should have specific moral values and extreme feeling of accountability, particularly during the time of changes and crises. Leadership commitment of top managers is revealed through their highly responsible attitude to the welfare of their subordinates who also influence greatly the quality of delivered products and services. In addition, top management should also be responsible for defining the vision, mission and value system of a company, as well as for formulating the strategic plan. Operating resources and personnel effectively is also among the main goals that leaders should undertake. Employee Involvemen t Employee involvement is a part of a business organizations strategy of total involvement of all departments and spheres. Along with supplier management and customer engagement, employee involvement also contributes to the organizational growth, as well as to maintaining favorable relations among employees, customers, and suppliers. Total employee involvement lies in both top management and the way managers copes with its employees. The main concept of total quality management should bind both top management and subordinates to a single objective in order to create â€Å"a united force totally involved in achieving organizational goals and objectives† (Mukherjee, 2006, p. 173). An advanced form of employee engagement is employees’ empowerment. In this respect, employee engagement is possible in case of total employee empowerment that permits employees to take measures and react to customer needs and expectation. Quality of products and services is also the main concer n of employees (Mukherjee, 2006). In this respect, employees should strive to align their objectives with higher organizational goals; they should also have an authority to increase their contribution by maximizing the available opportunities and taking proper measures to meet the organizational purpose. Customer Involvement A business organization having no objective and missions will not succeed in producing quality goods and achieving high rates of performance and profitability. In fact, organization should realize the importance of introducing customer focus. Exploring consumer needs and concerns is the first step toward the production optimization. In order to create customer orientation, it is, first of all, necessary to consider the organizational structure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dimensions of Total Quality Management in Business Firms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Absence of quality obje ctive, the department goals will come to the forth and, as a result, the organization will not be able to follow common goals. Change to a vertical structure will blur the boundaries between the departments and unite them in their attempts to achieve common goals. Specific attention should be given to the link between the marketing department and the production department that should establish fruitful cooperation and interaction. Customer focus creation should proceed with the introduction of the idea of ‘internal customer’ (Mukherjee, 2006). The concept is confined to the idea of introducing process as relations between product and customer. For instance, â€Å"marketing becomes internal customer for the production department, which in turn becomes the internal customer for the materials, human resources and maintenance department† (Mukherjee, 2006, 2005). Hence, the shift in evaluation the production process permits the managements to achieve customer satisfac tion. In this respect, to meet customer needs, it is necessary to produce goods and services â€Å"†¦that are of right quality, in right quantity and made available at the right time, right place, and at the right price† (Mukherjee, 2006, p. 150). Within this context, the idea of internal customer becomes beneficial for the business organization because it successfully meets two objectives – fulfills the marketing functions and provides necessary customer orientation. Supplier Quality Management As soon as the product has been manufactured, the question of distribution comes to the forth. Supplier quality management, therefore, is the next step in improving quality of produced goods and services. Managers and employees should give especial attention to this production link because suppliers can provide them with valuable knowledge and experience concerning place and terms of deliver. The role of supplier should not be underestimated as it influences the competing position of a firm in a business environment. Supplier is also involved into the deliver of the materials that will be used in manufacturing goods and, therefore, the choice of suppliers is indispensible for ensuring the highest quality. The significance of including supplier in a production chain is enormous because this entity is endowed with a great number of responsibilities. For instance, supplier is liable for tracking the material costs that are implemented at various stages of production. Much responsibility is also imposed on suppliers in terms of information exchange between customer and organization. The quality of information flow, therefore, depends largely on the suppliers’ awareness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product Dimension of Total Quality Management Process Management Process is an inherent component of successful organization’s functioning, along with people, structure, and control mechanisms. In this respect, process management is another important dimension of total quality management that consists in fulfilling activities leading to desired outcomes. Process management also involves means and techniques assisting to the accomplishment of organization’s goals. Finally, process management allows organization to deliver and create value for a customer (Madison, 2005, p. 2). Workflow and information exchange are regarded as the basic processes taking place at an organization. Control mechanism also shape the part of process management. They involve mechanical, electrical, and statistical procedures that allow the employees to measure and enhance the quality of products. The importance of control mechanism in process management lies in the necessity of introducing chang es to the production process, as well as to the control mechanism itself. Finally, process analysis is an effective way to diagnose the performance and define the gaps in the production process. Cross-Functional Product Design The development of a new product design is also a part of total quality management. This process is accomplished through gathering cross-functional team working on single product development. Cooperative work performance, therefore, positively contributes to the development of new product design (Sorli Stokic, 2009). It is also important for a team to involve members from different department to provide an in-depth evaluation of the proposed product, including customer needs, organizational capacity, cost effectiveness, and potential revenues received from selling the product (Sorli Stokic, 2009). Research and development can be regarded as another integral component of successful cross-functional product design. Product design and development should always be associated with constant improvement and innovation. Designers should engage their theoretical knowledge and experience to integrate into creating a product that would meet customer requirements and increase organizational goals (Sorli Stokic, 2009). More importantly, they should rely heavily on the external environment and competitive environment. Organizational Processes and Role of Total Quality Management Information and Feedback Effective leadership and management should rely on effective interaction, information and feedback system. Managers should be able to successfully communicate with their subordinates and apply to a reward system to encourage employees increase organizational capacity. Importantly, feedback received from various stakeholders is also crucial for introducing the corresponding changing to the marketing and production process (Rawlins, 2008). Finally, external customer feedback provides a better picture of market potential, as well as supply and demand r ates of a launched product. Marketing department should be concerned with the accurate and responsive information exchange between other department to make sure that all problems, gaps, and pitfalls have been taken into consideration before a new product line is launched. Establishing effective communication system is another important dimension of total quality managers that ensures constant control of information input and processing (Rawlins, 2008). Managers and employees should be encouraged to draw as much new information about potential markets and customer to be able to introduce changed to the manufacturing process and increase the organizational performance. Strategic Planning Developing a strict mission, vision, and philosophy provide an organization with accurate directions and solutions to improvement and high performance. In order to properly evaluate the position of a business firm, specific attention should be given to understanding its current position through diagno sing its perspectives for future development. The key components of strategic planning, therefore, include mission, vision, values and strategy. Each of the components is of high significance for the adequate and stable development of an organization. Strategic planning should also involve analysis and synthesis of information received from customers. The information can reveal both negative and positive experience of customers to define which elements of the production process should be changed. Therefore, strategic planning should always be in a state of constant development and improvement. According to Mukherjee (2006), â€Å"the strategic quality plan bridges the gap between where the organization is and where it wants to reach in the long run† (p. 139). In this respect, the mission of the organization is closely associated with its value system whereas the vision is regarded as a long-term objective of the organization. In addition, vision should be SMART, namely, †Å"specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound† (Mukherje, 2006, p. 139). The next step of strategic planning involves identification of target audience that will allow the organization to reach its goals. In this respect, the strategic planning process should involve assessment of customers’ needs to define how well the organization can meet these needs. The effectiveness of strategic planning will influence on the total quality management in a business organization. Cross-Functional Planning Synthesis of cross-functional activities is an important dimension of total quality management of product and services due to the greater commitment to customer needs and concerns. In particular, isolated work of advertising, promotion, research and development, and marketing department does not provide company with a competitive advantage over other business organizations because it will hamper the cooperation between managers. In this respect, cross-functional plan ning involves horizontal exchange of information between managers (Shultz et al., 2009). Well-organized work and interaction between the departments can contribute to immediate response to customer supply and demand rates, as well as integrating new concepts and strategies on improving the overall quality of organizations’ production. Six Sigma: Practices, Experience, and Methods Six Sigma is an advanced concept of total quality management in business organization that implies both qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating the production success and customer demands. Its orientation on improvement and development, as well as constant innovation is possible through measuring the existing numerical and qualitative data, as well as predicting possible outcomes of specifically implemented strategies. The concept of Six Sigma differs a bit from the total quality management because its focus is made on the analysis of possible errors, defects, and pitfalls that organizatio n might face while implementing a specific product line. In statistical terms, Six Sigma denotes â€Å"†¦standard deviation, a statistical measurement of variation, the exceptions to expected outcomes† (Thomsett, 2005, p. 6). The idea of Six Sigma takes its roots at Motorola company in the 1980s and was introduced by Mikel Harry. The engineer started examining variation in outcomes and company’s internal processes; he soon realized that measuring variations made it possible to advance the working systems (Thomsett, 2005). The procedures sought to change procedures in order to improve the overall performance for a long-term period. In a few years, the Six Sigma concept became popular among other recognized companies. Six Sigma prioritizes cost savings because they shape an important element of quality control, which should guarantee effective, permanent, and rewarding quality activities (Thomsett, 2005). Cost-effectiveness, however, should be congruent with the dev elopment of effective workforce potential that would enhance the organizational performance through creativity and innovation. Overall, the presented strategy is aimed at achieving excellent in quality service, as well as at measuring possible deviation from the idea. It also provides perspectives for adding value to a product of service. Therefore, the concept of Six Sigma is sophisticated and technical complex. Conclusion Total quality management (TQM) embraces a complex unity of processes, targets, and stages and is aimed at enhancing the overall organization’s potential, as well as constant improving and innovation. Therefore, the given discipline covers a number of dimensions, including human resources, organizational learning and development, and product design. All these dimensions are crucial for development of an extensive quality management network. Specifically, human dimension consists in full leadership commitment, employee training and engagement, customer orien tation, and supplier quality management. Product design focuses on the cross-functional product design and process management. Finally, organizational structure deals with such elements as strategic planning, cross-functional planning, and information and feedback control. Aside from the presented dimensions, TQM introduces new models and techniques in sustaining quality of product and services, including the concept of Six Sigma, which involves identification of possible errors and defects of product manufacture that can be eliminated for a long-term period. References Madison, D. (2005). Process Mapping, Process Improvement, and Process Management: A Practical Guide for Enhancing Work and Information Flow. US: Paton Professional. Mukherjee, P. N. (2006). Total Quality Management. US: PHI Learning. Rawlins, R. A. (2008). Total Quality Management (TQM). US: AuthorHouse. Samuel, L. S. A. (2004). Total Quality Management. US: PHI Learning. Shultz, D. E., Barnes, B. E., Shultz, H. F., and Azzaro, M. (2009). Building Customer-Brand Relationships. US: M. E. Sharpe. Sorli, M., Stokic, D. (2009). Innovating in Product/Process Development: Gaining in New Product Development. US: Springer. Thomsett, M. C. (2005). Getting Started in Six Sigma. US: John Wiley Sons. This essay on The Dimensions of Total Quality Management in Business Firms was written and submitted by user Tal1sman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.